Attitudes of instructors training to deliver road safety courses to educate low risk drivers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30827/relieve.v30i1.26683Keywords:
driver education, driving instructor, changing attitudes, road safety education, road safety trainingAbstract
There is little research available regarding the attitudes of driver instructors. Road traffic accident data indicate a need for research on the role of this professional group in driver training, as training is internationally recognised as an essential tool for improving road safety. A questionnaire was administered to evaluate predispositions towards the teaching of safe driving (EPRECONS) in a sample of 378 trainee driving instructors. Psychometric properties of the questionnaire were examined (reliability and content, discriminant and structural validity) through exploratory factor analysis). All factors contributed towards explaining the dependent variable, however, the most explanatory variables were “risk anticipation”, “safe driving practice” and “controlling social risk”. Some differences emerged as a function of sex. Specifically, predispositions towards training safe drivers in men was explained mainly by the “safe driving practice” factor, whilst, in the case of women, this was explained mainly by the “risk anticipation” factor. No significant sex differences were found in relation to predispositions towards training low risk drivers. Significant differences only emerged in regards to two factors. Firstly, in the case of “alcohol and driving”, women presented greater rigour regarding safety, whilst, in the case of “transmission of feelings”, women showed a greater capacity than men to transmit feelings. Outcomes suggest that notable advancements have taken place in terms of the design of training actions related with driving instructors. Findings should be considered when planning the teaching models that underly initial driver education in order to favouring a reduction in accidents and progress towards zero risk driving.
Downloads
References
Aparicio-Izquierdo, F., Arenas-Ramírez, B., Mira-McWilliams, J-M., Páez-Ayuso, J. & Furones-Crespo, A. (2017). Mujeres conductoras en España Implicación en accidentes de tráfico y comparación con los conductores varones. Cátedra Eduardo Barreiros Automóvil y Movilidad Sostenible. http://revista.dgt.es/images/DOC.-MUJERES-VERSION-FAI-REV4.pdf
Arnau-Sabatés, L., Filella Guiu, G., Jariot Garcia, M. & Montané Capdevila, J. (2011). Evaluación de un programa de cambio de actitudes con preconductores para prevenir los accidentes de tráfico provocados por el alcohol en Cataluña. Adicciones, 23(3), 257-265. https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.150.
Arnau-Sabatés, L., Sala-Roca, J. & Jariot-Garcia, M. (2012). Emotional abilities as predictors of risky driving behavior among a cohort of middle-aged divers. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 45, 818-825. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2011.07.021" t "_blank" o.
Azofeifa, A., Rexach-Guzmán, B.D., Hagemeyer, A.N., Rudd, R.A. & Sauber-Schatz, E.K. (2019). Driving under the influence of marijuana and illicit drugs among persons aged ≥16 years - United States, 2018. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 68(50), 1153-1157. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6850a1.
Barboza-Palomino, M., Rojas-Portocarrero, W. K. y Salas, G. (2017). Revisión de la literatura en psicología del tránsito y la seguridad vial (2001-2016). Rev. Psicol. (Arequipa. Univ. Catól. San Pablo), 7(2), 75-93. https://revistas.ucsp.edu.pe/index.php/psicologia/article/view/60/60.
Bartl, G., Sanders, N., Reikl, A., Schulte, K., Keskinen, E., Whitmore, J., Woltring, L. Edwards, I., Pannacci, M., Hausherr, N., Kotal, R., Hopia, S. Acourt, G., Gunnarson, L., Bressensdorf, G.v., Dornaom, L., Aluma, A., Trotin, C. y Lammi, A. (2010). High impact approach for Enhancing Road safety through More Effective communication Skills in the context of category B driver training. Final Report. Austria. http://www.alles-fuehrerschein.at/HERMES/documentation/HERMES%20final%20report.pdf.
Bayley, T., Wundersitz, L., O’Donnell, K. & Rasch, A. (2022). Identifying best practices in a process evaluation of a novice driver education program. Evaluation and Program Planning, 93, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2022.102105.
Bates, L., Hawkins, A., Rodwell, D., Anderson, L., Watson, B., Filtness, A.J. & Larue, G.S. (2019). The effect of psychosocial factors on perceptions of driver education using the goals for driver education framework. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 66. 151-161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2019.09.004.
Cantwell, S. J., Isler, R. B., & Starkey, N. J. (2013). The effects of road commentary training on novice drivers’ visual search behaviour: A preliminary investigation. In: Proceedings of the 2013 Australasian road safety research, policing & education conference. University of Waikato. https://researchcommons.waikato.ac.nz/handle/10289/8514.
Clares-Mena S, Fernández-Valverde A, Zumaquero-Pérez R.M. (2020). El riesgo potencial de accidentes de tráfico debido al uso ilegítimo del permiso de conducción. Archivos de Medicina Universitaria, 2(1): 34-49. https://digibug.ugr.es/bitstream/handle/10481/68177/ES_CLA~1.PDF?sequence=1&isAllowed=y.
Cordellieri, P., Baralla, F., Ferlazzo, F., Sgalla, R., Piccardi, L. & Giannini, A.M. (2016). Gender Effects in Young Road Users on Road Safety Attitudes, Behaviors and Risk Perception. Front. Psychol., 27(7), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01412.
DGT (2023). Balance de las cifras de siniestralidad vial 2022. Anexo estadístico. Dirección General de Tráfico. https://www.dgt.es/menusecundario/dgt-en-cifras/dgt-en-cifras-resultados/dgt-en-cifras-detalle/?id=00872.
Elipe Miravet, M., Cervigón Carrasco, V., Fernández García, O., Estruch, V., & Ballester Arnal, R. (2021). Consumo excesivo de alcohol ¿existen diferencias de género? Revista INFAD De Psicología. International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology., 1(2), 109–118. https://doi.org/10.17060/ijodaep.2021.n2.v1.2169.
Fernandes, A., Hatfielt J., & Soames, R. F. (2010). Transsportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,13, 179- 196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2010.04.007.
García Aretio, L. (2019). Formación vial de calidad en una sociedad digital La educación digital, válida en la formación de conductores. Zoom Social Educación, 4, 1-28. https://fundacionalternativas.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/2f4f6fd72f21c5f7ff9a550e0a1a019e.pdf.
Gauld, C.S., Lewis, I.M., White, K.M., Watson, B.C., Rose, C.T. & Fleiter, J.J. (2020). Gender differences in the effectiveness of public education messages aimed at smartphone use among young drivers. Traffic injury prevention, 21(2), 127-132. http://doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2020.1732948.
Ivers, R., Senserrick, T., Boufous, S., Stevenson, M., Chen, H. Y., Woodward, M., y Norton, R. (2009). Novice drivers' risky driving behavior, risk perception, and crash risk: findings from the DRIVE study. American journal of public health, 99(9), 1638-1644. https://www.doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2008.150367
Jariot-Garcia, M., Montané Capdevila, J. & Rodríguez Parrón, M. (2021). Qüestionari d'Avaluació de la Predisposició a l'Ensenyament de la Conducció Segura APRECONS). Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. https://ddd.uab.cat/record/249516.
Jariot Garcia, M., & Montané Capdevila, J. (2009). Actitudes y velocidad en jóvenes. Aplicación de un programa de educación vial. RELIEVE (Revista Electrónica de Investigación Educativa), 15 (1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.7203/relieve.15.1.4186.
Jariot Garcia, M. & Rodríguez Parrón, M. (2007). La formación por competencias profesionales. Evaluación y mejora de las competencias del profesor de formación vial desde un modelo de cambio de actitudes. Educación XX1, 10, 107-136. https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=70601007.
Jawi Z.M, Deros, B.M, Rashid, A.A.A, Isa M.H.M. & Awang A. (2017). The Roles and Performance of Professional Driving Instructors in Novice Driver Education. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J., 17(3), 277-285. https://doi.org/10.18295/squmj.2017.17.03.004.
Ledesma, R., Peltzer, R., & Poó, F. (2008). Análisis de la producción en Psicología del Tránsito mediante PsycINFO (2000-2006). PSIC-Revista de Psicologia da Vetor Editora, 9(1), 11-24. http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1676-73142008000100003.
Lewis, I., Forward, S., Elliott, B., E. Kaye, S-A., Fleiter, J.J. & Watson, B. (2019). Designingand evaluating road safety advertising campaigns. En: Ward, Nicholas-John; Watson, Barry; Fleming-Vogl, Katie (eds.). Traffic safety culture. Definition, foundation, and application. Emerald P.L., 297-319. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78714-617-420191018.
Lonero, L. & Mayhew (2010). Large-Scale Evaluation of Driver Education Review of the Literature on Driver Education Evaluation 2010 Update. AA Foundation for Traffic Safety. http://anstse.info/Resources%20PDF%27s/Document%20reloads/8%20-%20AAA%20Large%20Scale%20Evaluation%20of%20Driver%20Education%20Review%20of%20the%20Literature%20on%20Driver%20Education%20Evaluation%202010%20Update.pdf.
López García, C. (2016). Evaluación de la eficacia de un curso de seguridad vial fundamentado en el cambio de actitudes en escuelas de conductores. Anuario de Psicologia 46(1), 1-7. https://doi.org.10.1016/j.anpsic.2016.06.001.
Martinussen, L.M., Møller, M. & Prato, C.G. (2014). Assessing the relationship between the Driver Behavior Questionnaire and the Driver Skill Inventory: Revealing sub-groups of divers. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 26, 82-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2014.06.008.
Méndez Martínez, C. & Rondón Sepúlveda, M.A. (2012). Introducción al análisis factorial exploratório. Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría, 41(1). 197-207. http://www.scielo.org.co/pdf/rcp/v41n1/v41n1a14.pdf.
Mynttinen, S. (2010). Finnish novice drivers’ competences. - compared to the Swedish, Dutch and Austrian novices. Finnish Transport Safety Agency. https://www.play4safety.ch/sites/default/files/education/1662-finnish_novice_drivers_competences_12010.pdf.
Observatorio Español de las Drogas y las Adicciones (2021). Alcohol, tabaco y drogas ilegales en España. Ministerio de Sanidad. https://pnsd.sanidad.gob.es/profesionales/sistemasInformacion/informesEstadisticas/pdf/2021OEDA-INFORME.pdf.
Organización Mundial de la Salud (2018). Global status report on road safety 2018. OMS. https://apps.who.int/iris/rest/bitstreams/1164010/retrieve.
Organización Mundial de la Salud (2022). Traumatismos causados por el tránsito. OMS. https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/road-traffic-injuries.
Öztürk, İ., & Özkan, T. (2018). Genç sürücülerde sürücü becerileri ve sürücü davranışları arasındaki ilişki. Trafik ve Ulaşım Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(2), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.38002/tuad.418260.
Passmore J. & Mortimer L. (2011). The experience of using coaching as a learning technique in learner driver development: An IPA study of adult learning. Int Coach Psychol Rev., 6, 33-45. https://organisationalpsychology.nz/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/International_Coaching_Psychology_Review_Volume_6_No_1_March_2011.pdf#page=34
Rodwell, D., Hawkins, A., Haworth, N., Larue, G.S., Bates, L. & Filtness, A. (2018). A mixed-methods study of driver education informed by the Goals for Driver Education: Do young drivers and educators agree on what was taught? Safety Science, 108, 140-148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2018.04.017.
Safarpour, H., Khorasani-Zavareh, D. & Mohammadi, R. (2020). The common road safety approaches: A scoping review and thematic analysis. Chinese journal of traumatology, 23 (2),11321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjtee.2020.02.005.
Saucedo Fernández M, Díaz Perera JJ, Salinas Padilla HA, Jiménez Izquierdo S. (2019). Inteligencia emocional; cuestión de género. Redipe, 8(5), 158–167. https://doi.org/10.36260/rbr.v8i5.745.
Skitka, L. J., Hanson, B. E., Morgan, G. S. y Wisneski, D. C. (2021). The psychology of moral conviction. Annual Review of Psychology, 72(1), 5.1-5.20. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-063020-030612.
Suberviola, I. (2020). Aspectos básicos sobre el concepto y puesta en práctica de la coeducación emocional. Foro de Educación, 18(1), 189-207. http://dx.doi.org/10.14516/fde.682.
Taubman-Ben-Ari, O., Kaplan, S., Lotan, T. & Giacomo Prato, C. (2016). The combined contribution of personality, family traits, and reckless driving intentions to young men’s risky driving: What role does anger play? Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 42(2), 299-306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2015.10.025.
Ulleberg, P. (2004). Social influence from the back-seat: factors related to adolescent passengers’ willingness to address unsafe drivers. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 7,17-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2003.09.004.
Üzümcüoğlu, Y., Öz, B., Özkan, T. & Lajunen, T. (2020). Investigating driving instructors: The mediating roles of driving skills in the relationship between organizational safety strategies and driver behaviours. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 76, 38-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2020.10.013.
Watson-Brown, N., Scott-Parker, B., & Senserrick, T. (2018). Development of a higher-order instruction coding taxonomy for observational data: Initial application to professional driving instruction. Applied Ergonomics, 70, 88–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2018.02.016.
Wilsnack, R.W.; Wilsnack, S.C.; Gmel, G. & Wolfgang-Kantor; L.W. (2018). Gender Differences in Binge Drinking. Alcohol Research Current Review, 39(1). https://arcr.niaaa.nih.gov/volume/39/1/gender-differences-binge-drinking.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 RELIEVE – Electronic Journal of Educational Research and Evaluation
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
The authors grant non-exclusive rights of exploitation of works published to RELIEVE and consent to be distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial Use 4.0 International License (CC-BY-NC 4.0), which allows third parties to use the published material whenever the authorship of the work and the source of publication is mentioned, and it is used for non-commercial purposes.
The authors can reach other additional and independent contractual agreements, for the non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in this journal (for example, by including it in an institutional repository or publishing it in a book), as long as it is clearly stated that the Original source of publication is this magazine.
Authors are encouraged to disseminate their work after it has been published, through the internet (for example, in institutional archives online or on its website) which can generate interesting exchanges and increase work appointments.
The fact of sending your paper to RELIEVE implies that you accept these conditions.