Motivación y rendimiento académico en la adolescencia: una revisión sistemática meta-analítica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30827/relieve.v29i1.25110Palabras clave:
motivación, rendimiento académico, educación secundaria, sexo, edadResumen
La adolescencia es un período en la vida humana en el que se advierte una bajada del interés y la motivación hacia los aspectos académicos y en el que la inmadurez del estudiante puede producir complicaciones en las actividades de aprendizaje. El presente meta-análisis estudia la relación entre la motivación y el rendimiento académico, así como las variables que pueden incidir en ella como el sexo o la edad. Comprende 48 bases de datos seleccionadas a partir de la aplicación de criterios de inclusión y exclusión en torno a temas clave como temporalidad (2012-2021), estadística clara, muestra centrada en la adolescencia y rendimiento académico medido a partir de pruebas estándar. Los pasos empleados para la elegibilidad de los estudios incluidos se basaron en una revisión manual por pares sobre los títulos, sobre los abstract y finalmente, un último paso de revisión de los manuscritos de manera completa obteniendo una muestra total de 144,012 participantes con una edad media de 14.65 años. Los resultados muestran un tamaño del efecto significativo positivo moderado entre motivación y rendimiento académico (r =0.327; p<0.001) no encontrando diferencias significativas en las variables moderadoras de sexo y edad. Por lo tanto, se concluye que la motivación es un óptimo predictor del éxito académico sin encontrar un efecto moderador, en las variables estudiadas, para esta etapa vital concreta. Todo ello tiene implicaciones prácticas a nivel pedagógico susceptibles de implementar intervenciones de carácter motivacional en el aula adolescente que mejoren el rendimiento académico.
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