Using six thinking hats to raise intercultural awareness: A pre-experimental study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30827/portalin.vi37.20771Keywords:
intercultural awareness, intercultural communication, parallel thinking, six thinking hatsAbstract
Due to the increased mobility of the world population driven by technology, people in today's world are interacting more than ever. Globalization reveals the need for intercultural awareness. Therefore, this study aims to raise the intercultural awareness of EFL learners, aged between 12 and 13 through the use of Six Thinking Hats model with several modifications and presents an alternative way for the original model proposed by Edward De Bono. A purposive sampling method was used to select participants assumed to have less intercultural awareness as a result of the pretest. For close and immerse observation, one group pretest-posttest design was preferred. To track the differences and similarities that occurred in the behaviors of participants during the treatment; qualitative data were collected and analyzed with the use of the constant comparison method. The findings suggested that the modified version of Six Thinking Hats model showed effects on participants’ attitudes. Participants' approach to culture-based issues switches from personal judgments to questioning and understanding.
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References
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films and other visual media. Using Film and Media in the Language Classroom:
Reflections on Research-led Teaching, 19-29.
Triandis, H.C. (1977). Theoretical framework for evaluation of cross-cultural training
effectiveness. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 1, 195-213.
Vourdanou, K. (2017). Integrating the CLIL approach: Literature and Wikis in the Greek
EFL Classroom as a Means of Promoting Intercultural Awareness. Research Papers in
Language Teaching and Learning, 8(2), 103-119.
Poems in EFL Classrooms. In Social Sciences, Humanities and Economics Conference
(SoSHEC 2017). Atlantis Press.
Alexiou, A., Mysirlaki, S., Souki, A., Koroneuo, L., Geomelou, A., Chatziiliou, A., &
Paraskeva, F. (2015). The Development of Creative Thinking Through Six Thinking Hats
and Web 2.0 Technologies. The International Journal of Technologies in Learning, 22(2),
15-28.
Ayaz Can, H. (2005). Altı şapkalı düşünme tekniğinin ilköğretim altıncı sınıf öğrencilerinin
sosyal bilgiler dersindeki akademik başarısına etkisi [Unpublished master’s thesis].
Fırat Üniversitesi.
Bezir, Ç. & Baran, B. (2015). Foreign Language Teaching Through the Six Thinking Hats
Technique in Second Life. Education and Science, 39(171), 392-406.
Brown, H. D. (1991). TESOL at twenty-five: What are the issues? TESOL Quarterly, 25(2)
,245-260. https://doi.org/10.2307/3587462
Chen, G. M., & Starosta, W.J. (1998). A review of the concept of intercultural awareness.
Human Communication, 2(1), 27-54.
Cioffi, J. (2017). Collaborative care: Using six thinking hats for decision making.
International Journal of Nursing Practice, 23(6), e12593.
https://doi.org/10.1111/ijn.12593
De Bono, E. (1985). Six Thinking Hats: An essential approach to business management.
Little, Brown, & Company, New York, USA.
De Bono, E. (1999). Six thinking hats (Vol. 192). New York: Back Bay Books.
Dey, I. (1993). Creating categories. Qualitative data analysis (pp. 94-112). London:
Routledge.
Dimitrov, M. D. & Rumrill, D. P. (2003). Pretest-posttest designs and measurement of
change. Speaking of Research, 20(2), 159-165.
Erişen, Y. & Katmer-Bayraklı, V. (2016). Six Hat Thinking Technique in Program
Evaluation: The Evaluation of the Quality of Mathematics Teacher Training Program in
Turkey. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 8(4), 31-45.
Geissler, G. L., Edison, S. W., & Wayland, J. P. (2012). Improving Students' Critical
Thinking, Creativity, and Communication Skills. Journal of Instructional Pedagogies, 8.
Goetz, J. P., & LeCompte, M. D. (1981). Ethnographic research and the problem of data
reduction. Anthropology and Education Quarterly, 12(1), 51-70.
https://doi.org/10.1525/aeq.1981.12.1.05x1283i
Halx, M., & Reybold, L. (2006). A Pedagogy of Force: Faculty Perspectives of Critical
Thinking Capacity in Undergraduate Students. The Journal of General Education, 54(4),
293-315.
Janesick, V. J. (1994). The dance of qualitative research design: Metaphor, methodology, and
meaning. In N. K. Denzin, & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp.
209-219). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Kiss, T., & Weninger, C. (2017). Cultural learning in the EFL classroom: The role of visuals.
ELT Journal, 71(2), 186-196. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/ccw072
Kusumaningputri, R., & Widodo, H. (2017). Promoting Indonesian university students'
critical intercultural awareness in tertiary EAL classrooms: The use of digital photograph-
mediated intercultural tasks. System, 72, 49-61.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2017.10.003
Orhan, S., & Kırbaş, A.,& Topaş, Y. (2012). Six Thinking Hats Technique Supported Visuals
Effects of Students’ Speaking Skills Develop. International Periodical for the Languages,
Literature and History of Turkish and Turkic. 7(3), 1893-1909.
Patton, M. Q. (1990). Qualitative evaluation and research methods (2nd ed.). Newbury Park,
CA: Sage.
Payette, P., & Barnes, B. (2017). Teaching for Critical Thinking: Edward de Bono's Six
Thinking Hats. The National Teaching & Learning Forum, 26(3), 8-10.
https://doi.org/10.1002/ntlf.30110
PM Ribeiro, S. (2016). Developing intercultural awareness using digital storytelling.
Language and Intercultural Communication, 16(1), 69-82.
https://doi.org/10.1080/14708477.2015.1113752
Ruben, B. D. (1976). Assessing communication competency for intercultural adaptation.
Group & Organization Studies, 1(3), 334 354.
https://doi.org/10.1177/105960117600100308
Ruben, B. D., & Kealey, D. J. (1979). Behavioral assessment of communication competency
and the prediction of cross-cultural adaptation. International Journal of Intercultural
Relations, 3(1), 15-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/0147-1767(79)90045-2
Tanghe, S. (2016). Promoting critical racial awareness in teacher education in Korea:
Reflections on a racial discrimination simulation activity. Asia Pacific Education
Review, 17(2), 203-215. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12564-016-9424-y
Tomlinson, B. (2019). Developing Intercultural Awareness through reflected experience of
films and other visual media. Using Film and Media in the Language Classroom:
Reflections on Research-led Teaching, 19-29.
Triandis, H.C. (1977). Theoretical framework for evaluation of cross-cultural training
effectiveness. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 1, 195-213.
Vourdanou, K. (2017). Integrating the CLIL approach: Literature and Wikis in the Greek
EFL Classroom as a Means of Promoting Intercultural Awareness. Research Papers in
Language Teaching and Learning, 8(2), 103-119.
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Published
2022-01-21
How to Cite
Gürsoy, E., & Özcan, E. N. (2022). Using six thinking hats to raise intercultural awareness: A pre-experimental study . Porta Linguarum An International Journal of Foreign Language Teaching and Learning, (37), 259–274. https://doi.org/10.30827/portalin.vi37.20771
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