Design and validation of the questionnaire for the determination of risk and protective factors associated with the consumption of alcohol and other drugs in Secondary School adolescents

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30827/relieve.v31i1.32636

Keywords:

Educational prevention, adolescence, questionnaire validation, substance use, risk and protective factors

Abstract

Adolescence involves significant biological, social, cognitive and emotional changes that shape new behaviours, including risky conduct related to alcohol and drug use. While national surveys such as ESTUDES (National Plan on Drugs, Spain) track consumption trends, there is a clear need for educational tools that assess the underlying risk and protective factors influencing such behaviour. This study presents the design and validation process of the Questionnaire for Identifying Risk and Protective Factors Associated with Alcohol and Drug Use in Secondary School Adolescents (CUFARIPRO_AlcDro). A sample of 406 students participated. Content validity was established through expert judgement, and an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted, along with internal consistency reliability assessed via Cronbach’s alpha. The factorial analysis led to a refined version of the questionnaire, resulting in a structure of eight factors: self-control, depressive and anxious symptoms, social relations, frustration tolerance, self-concept, leisure time management, perceived educational style, sensation-seeking, and social tolerance towards substance use. The validated instrument offers a valuable tool for educational diagnosis and school-based prevention of substance use, in line with existing research on adolescent psychosocial risk factors.

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Author Biographies

Eva María Espiñeira Bellíon, University of A Coruña

Full Professor of University in the area of Research Methods and Diagnosis in Education, at the Faculty of Education Sciences of the Universidade da Coruña. She teaches undergraduate and master's courses at the Faculty of Education Sciences of the University of A Coruña. She is knowledgeable about the implementation of study plans and verification and accreditation systems, collaborating as a fellow and as a contracted member of the Quality Technical Unit of the UDC for 7 years, and, subsequently, as a freelancer. She currently holds the position of Vice-Dean of Quality of that Faculty. She has also participated in numerous Quality Management Systems in the consulting world. She is the coordinator of the line 'Attention to Diversity and Socioeducational Inclusion' of the Research Group on Evaluation and Educational Quality, which aims to analyze socioeducational policies and practices for attention to diversity from a broad perspective, identified in the international literature as 'educational inclusion'. Starting from a critical perspective regarding the theoretical and epistemological foundations upon which integration policies have been developed, it aims to explore the possibilities and barriers to develop more inclusive practices.

Beatriz Rial Gómez, Montegrande Multilingual School

Bachelor's degree in Psychopedagogy and Master's degree in Primary Education. Doctor in Education Sciences in the Doctoral Program of Equity and Innovation in Education at the University of A Coruña. Currently, I am a teacher in Primary Education and Therapeutic Pedagogy. I have worked as a Therapist in an addiction clinic.

Jesús Miguel Muñoz Cantero, University of A Coruña

Professor of University in the area of Research Methods and Educational Diagnosis, at the Faculty of Education Sciences of the University of A Coruña. He has taught undergraduate, master's, and doctoral courses related to the evaluation of educational projects, centers, and educational quality. Additionally, he has been a tutor at UNED for 25 years. He is the author of numerous articles related to educational quality in both university and non-university settings. He is also the author of other articles regarding attention to diversity, and he has directed several doctoral theses that encompass both themes.

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Published

2025-06-30

How to Cite

Espiñeira Bellíon, E. M., Rial Gómez, B., & Muñoz Cantero, J. M. (2025). Design and validation of the questionnaire for the determination of risk and protective factors associated with the consumption of alcohol and other drugs in Secondary School adolescents. RELIEVE – Electronic Journal of Educational Research and Evaluation, 31(1). https://doi.org/10.30827/relieve.v31i1.32636

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Vol. 31 No. 1 (2025): Revista RELIEVE

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Research Articles

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