La influencia del capital social en el desarrollo profesional de maestros noveles: Una aproximación con métodos mixtos desde el análisis de Redes Sociales
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.30827/profesorado.v22i2.7717Mots-clés :
análisis de redes sociales, capital social, desarrollo profesional, maestros noveles, métodos mixtos, redes egocéntricasRésumé
Resumen:
Este estudio examina el capital social de los maestros noveles a partir del Análisis de Redes Sociales (ARS) para explorar su relación con el desarrollo profesional. El capital social se concibe como un concepto multidimensional que permite explorar la parte estructural, relacional y cognitiva de la interacción social. Para ello, se realiza un análisis de las redes egocéntricas de diez maestros noveles con el fin de estudiar sus patrones de interacción dentro de la escuela. A su vez, se realizan entrevistas semi-estructuradas para comprender la importancia y significado de las relaciones sociales, triangulando esta información con los datos estructurales de las redes sociales. Los resultados nos ayudan a entender la importancia de considerar las interacciones informales tales como las relaciones de amistad y consejo como fuente de apoyo, así como la influencia del resto de dimensiones en la mejora del desarrollo profesional de los maestros noveles. Finalmente, se discuten las implicaciones para las políticas educativas que faciliten la incorporación de los nuevos maestros y el fomento de las relaciones sociales entre los profesionales. De este modo, los programas de mentoría y las actividades informales dentro de la escuela pueden ayudar a promover las condiciones necesarias. Por otro lado, se pretenden prevenir aquellas políticas que limitan el flujo de los recursos en las organizaciones educativas, tales como las prácticas aisladas de los maestros.
Abstract:
This study examines the social capital of novice teachers based on the Social Network Analysis (SNA) to explore its relationships with the professional development. Social capital is conceived as a multidimensional concept that allows exploring the structural, relational and cognitive part of the social interaction. For this purpose, an analysis of the egocentric networks of ten novice teachers is carried out in order to study their patterns of interaction within the school. Additionally, semistructured interviews are conducted to understand the importance and meaning of social relationships, triangulating this information with the structural data from social networks. Results help us to understand the importance of considering informal interactions such as friendship and advice as a source of support, as well as the influence of the rest of the dimensions in improving the professional development of novice teachers. Finally, the implications for educational policies, which can facilitate the incorporation of new teachers and the development of social relationships among professionals, are discussed. Therefore, mentoring programs and informal activities within the school can help to promote the suitable conditions. On the other hand, it is intended to prevent those policies that limit the flow of resources in educational organizations, such as the isolated practices of teachers.
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