Identificación de Perfiles de Pensamiento Crítico entre el Estudiantado Universitario Español: un Análisis de Conglomerados con el Método K-Medias
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https://doi.org/10.30827/relieve.v30i2.28208Palabras clave:
pensamiento crítico, validación, enseñanza superiorResumen
Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar el nivel de pensamiento crítico en el estudiantado universitario español para identificar diferentes perfiles mediante el análisis de conglomerados con el método K-medias. Para ello, se utilizó un instrumento validado de preguntas cerradas tipo Likert, diseñado a partir de fundamentos teóricos sólidos, la evaluación de expertos y un estudio piloto, que mostró una excelente fiabilidad global (α=0,86) y por dimensiones (α=0,81 y 0,76). La muestra incluyó a 5.238 estudiantes universitarios/as de diversas áreas y contextos educativos. Los resultados indican que, en general, el estudiantado universitario español muestra un nivel alto de habilidades en pensamiento crítico, aunque existen diferencias significativas asociadas a factores sociodemográficos como género, edad, año de estudio, área de estudio, propiedad institucional y Comunidad Autónoma. Además, se identificó una correlación positiva entre el pensamiento crítico y el rendimiento académico medido por las calificaciones del expediente. A través del análisis de conglomerados, se identificaron tres perfiles distintivos: alto, medianamente alto y medio en habilidades de pensamiento crítico, con una distribución influenciada por las variables analizadas. Estos resultados subrayan la importancia de diseñar programas educativos adaptados para fortalecer el pensamiento crítico en el contexto universitario español. Asimismo, el estudio ofrece implicaciones pedagógicas y orientaciones para futuras investigaciones en este ámbito. A pesar de sus limitaciones, esta investigación amplía nuestra comprensión sobre la competencia en pensamiento crítico y proporciona una base fundamentada para el desarrollo de intervenciones educativas dirigidas a su mejora.
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