A influência dos fatores pessoais dos alunos no desempenho em ciências no ensino básico

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30827/relieve.v28i2.24444

Palavras-chave:

desempenho académico, atitude dos alunos, atitude dos professores, ansiedade, autoeficácia

Resumo

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a influência dos fatores pessoais dos alunos no desempenho em ciências no ensino básico. É um estudo ex-post-facto a partir da base de dados do estudo TIMSS 2019. A amostra é composta por 9512 estudantes espanhóis do 4.º ano do Ensino Básico (51,6% rapazes; 48,4% raparigas), provenientes de 535 escolas. Foi realizada uma Análise Fatorial Exploratória (AFE) e uma Análise Fatorial Confirmatória (AFC) dos 20 itens do questionário dos alunos sobre o processo de ensino e aprendizagem das ciências (KMO=.93). Foram identificados quatro fatores: a atitude, a ansiedade e a autoeficácia dos alunos em ciências e a atitude do professor ou da professora. Foi realizada uma análise de regressão múltipla para prever a influência dos fatores dos alunos no desempenho em ciências. Os resultados mostram que a atitude dos alunos determina a sua autoeficácia e que a ansiedade tem um impacto negativo no desempenho. A atitude do professor é o fator preditivo que mais influencia o desempenho. O número de livros em casa, que é um indicador do nível socioeconómico, tem um grande efeito no desempenho. Os resultados sugerem a necessidade de reforçar a motivação dos alunos para a ciência nos primeiros anos do ensino primário, promover a aplicação de conhecimentos na resolução de problemas científicos e na realização de experiências nas aulas de ciências.

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Biografia do Autor

Pablo Javier Ortega-Rodríguez, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, España

Doctor en Ciencias Sociales y de la Educación. Máster en Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación en Educación y Formación (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid). Su investigación se centra en la integración de las TIC en la educación, además de la Didáctica de las Ciencias. Ha publicado diferentes capítulos de libros en editoriales indexadas en SPI, como Octaedro, Dykinson, Pirámide, además de artículos indexados en Scopus

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Publicado

2022-12-22

Como Citar

Ortega-Rodríguez, P. J. (2022). A influência dos fatores pessoais dos alunos no desempenho em ciências no ensino básico. RELIEVE - Revista Electrónica De Investigación Y Evaluación Educativa, 28(2). https://doi.org/10.30827/relieve.v28i2.24444

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