EXPLORING MAGHREBIANS IMMIGRANTS’ ATTITUDES TOWARDS SPANISH POPULATION: MAIN DIMENSIONS AND PREDICTORS PSYCHOSOCIAL VARIABLES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30827/modulema.v1i0.6064Keywords:
Attitudes, Maghrebians immigrants, Prejudice, Psychosocial predictors variablesAbstract
Researches about prejudice attitudes of minority groups towards dominant majority are still poor and those which exist are limited to the Afro-American community, mainly in USA. This work expects to be a first approximation to the form that adopt the Maghrebians immigrants’ attitudes towards Spanish population starting from themselves experiences (collected in four discussion groups). For that purpose, several indicators were designed to measure the cognitive (stereotypes), affective and behavioural (social distance) dimensions of these attitudes towards indigenous population, as well as others psychosocial variables that literature has considered antecedents of inter-group attitudes of minority groups. Two-hundred Maghrebians immigrants, residents in Almeria (south of Spain) answered the elaborated questionnaire. Results show that the stereotypes kept towards indigenous population offer very varied levels of adhesion, and that the desire of maintain social distance with Spanish people is bigger than the affective prejudice experimented towards this group. Furthermore, the psychosocial predictors’ variables of each dimension are different.Downloads
References
Ashburn-Nardo, L., Knowles, M. L., & Monteith, M. J. (2003). Black Americans’ implicit racial associations and their implications for intergroup judgment. Social Cognition, 21(1), 61-87. Recuperado de http://www.psych.purdue.edu/~mmonteit/assets/ashburn-nardo,-knowles,---monteith-(2003).pdf
Báguena, M.J., & Villarroya, E. (1993). El cuestionario de percepción social para inmigrantes (PSI). Análisis estructural y diferencial. Análisis y Modificación de Conducta, 19(64), 155-188.
Berry, J.W. (2006). Mutual attitudes among immigrants and ethnocultural groups. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 30, 719-734. Recuperado de http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147176706000502
Bobo, L., & Hutchings, V.L. (1996). Perceptions of racial group competition: Extending Blumer’s theory of group position to a multiracial social context. American Sociological Review, 61, 951-972. Recuperado de https://www.jstor.org/stable/2096302
Brigham, J.C. (1993). College students’ racial attitudes. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 23, 1933-1967. doi: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01074.x
Colectivo Algarabía (Alemán, P., Balaguer, A., Fernández-Prados, J.S., García-González, H., Gómez-Jerez, M., Pumares, P., Rojas, A.J., & Sánchez-Miranda, J.) (1999). Mirando desde fuera: historias de migración. Madrid: Cáritas.
Corenblum, B., & Stephan, W.G. (2001). White fears and native apprehensions: An integrated threat theory approach to intergroup attitudes. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 33(4), 251-268.
Cunningham, W. A., Zelazo, P. D., Packer, D. J., & Van Bavel, J. J. (2007). The iterative reprocessing model: A multilevel framework for attitudes and evaluation. Social Cognition, 25, 736-760. Recuperado de http://www.psych.nyu.edu/vanbavel/lab/documents/Cunningham%20etal.2007.SC.IR%20model.pdf
Devine, P.G. (1995). Prejudice and out-group perception. En A. Tesser, Advanced Social Psychology (pp.467-524). Nueva York: McGrawHill.
Díez-Nicolás, J., & Ramírez-Lafita, M.J. (2001). La voz de los inmigrantes. Madrid: Ministerio de Trabajo y Asuntos Sociales. Recuperado de http://ibdigital.uib.es/greenstone/collect/portal_social/archives/mtas0148.dir/mtas0148.pdf
Eagly, A.H., & Chaiken, S. (1993). The Psychology of Attitudes. CA: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
Ellison, C.G. & Powers, D.A. (1996). The contact hypothesis and racial attitudes among Blacks. Social Science Quarterly, 75, 385-400. Recuperado de https://www.jstor.org/stable/2580629
Fabrigar, L. R., MacDonald, T. K., & Wegener, D. T. (2005). The structure of attitudes. En D. Albarracin, B. T. Johnson, & M. P. Zanna (Eds.), Handbook of attitude and attitude change (pp. 79-124). Mahwah, NJ; Erlbaum.
Gómez. A., & Huici, C. (2003). Los efectos del prejuicio y el meta-estereotipo en las emociones e intenciones de contacto con los inmigrantes. Encuentros en Psicología Social, 1(4), 143-146.
Hernández, S. (2002). La otra cara de la inmigración: necesidades y sistemas de apoyo social. Tesis doctoral. Universidad de Almería.
Johnson, J.D., & Lecci, L. (2003). Assessing anti-white attitudes and predicting perceived racism: The Johnson-Lecci Scale. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29(3), 299-312. doi: 10.1177/0146167202250041
Judd, C.M., Park, B., Ryan, C.S., Brauer, M., & Kraus, S. (1995). Stereotypes and ethnocentrism: Diverging interethnic perceptions of African American and White American youth. Journal of Personality and
Social Psychology, 69(3), 460-481. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.69.3.460
Link, B.G., & Phelan, J.C. (2001). Conceptualizing stigma. Annual Review of Sociology, 27, 363-385.
Lecci, L., & Johnson, J.D. (2008). Black anti-White attitudes: The influence of racial identity and the Big Five. Personality and Individual
Differences, 44, 182–192. Recuperado de http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0191886907002796
Major, B., Quinton, W.J., & McCoy, S.K. (2002). Antecedents and consequences of attributions to discrimination: Theoretical and empirical advances. En M.P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Vol.34, pp. 251-330). San Diego: Academic Press. Recuperado de https://equity.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Major-Quinton-McCoy-2002.pdf
Martínez, M.F., García, M., Maya, I., Rodríguez, S., & Checa, F. (1996). Africanos en Andalucía: necesidades y recursos. Sevilla: Junta de Andalucía.
Monteith, M.J., & Spicer, C.V. (2000). Contents and correlates of Whites’ and Blacks’ racial attitudes. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 36, 125-154. doi: 10.1006/jesp.1999.1401
Navas, M.S., García, M.C., Rojas, A.J., Pumares, P., & Cuadrado, I. (2006). Actitudes de aculturación y prejuicio: la perspectiva de autóctonos e inmigrantes. Psicothema, 18, 2, 187-193. Recuperado de http://www.psicothema.com/psicothema.asp?id=3196
Navas, M., Pumares, P., Sánchez-Miranda, J., García, M.C., Rojas, A.J., Cuadrado, I., Asensio, M., & Fernández-Prados, J.S. (2004). Estrategias y actitudes de aculturación: la perspectiva de los inmigrantes y de los autóctonos en Almería. Sevilla: Junta de Andalucía (Dirección General de Coordinación de Políticas Migratorias. Consejería de Gobernación).
Negy, C., Shreve, T.L., Jensen, B.J., & Uddin, N. (2003). Ethnic identity, self-esteem, and ethnocentrism: A study of social identity versus multicultural theory of development. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 9(4), 333-344. doi: 10.1037/1099-9809.9.4.333
Oyserman, D., & Swim, J.K. (2001). Stigma: An insider’s view. Journal of Social Issues, 57(1), 1-14. Recuperado de https://dornsife.usc.edu/assets/sites/782/docs/oyserman_swim_stigma_an_insiders_view.pdf
Pérez-Yruela, M., & Rinken, S. (2005). La integración de los inmigrantes en la sociedad andaluza. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas.
Pettigrew, T.F. (1998). Intergroup contact theory. En J.T. Spence, J.M. Darley y D.J. Foss (Eds.), Annual Review of Psychology, 49, 65-85. Palo Alto, CA: Annual Reviews.
Pettigrew, T.F., & Tropp, L. (2000). Does intergroup contact reduce prejudice? En S. Oskamp (Ed.), Reducing prejudice and discrimination (pp.93-114). Mahwah: Erlbaum.
Pettigrew, T.F., & Tropp, L. (2011). When groups meet: The dinamics of integroup contact. New York, NY: Psychology Press.
Quiles, M.N., & Leyens, J-Ph. (2003). El prejuicio desde el punto de vista de la víctima. En J.F. Morales y C. Huici (Dirs.), Estudios de Psicología Social (pp.119-143). Madrid: UNED.
Rinken, S., Silva, M., Velasco, S., & Escobar, M.S. (2009). Opiniones y actitudes de la población andaluza ante la inmigración (II): Entre la estabilidad y el cambio. Sevilla: Junta de Andalucía (Consejería de Empleo. Dirección General de Coordinación de Políticas Migratorias). Recuperado de http://digital.csic.es/handle/10261/71588
Shelton, J.N. (2000). A reconceptualization of how we study issues of racial prejudice. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 4(4), 374-390.
Shelton, J. N., & Richeson, J. A. (2006). Ethnic minorities' racial attitudes and contact experiences with White people. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 12(1), 149-164. doi: 10.1037/1099-9809.12.1.149
Schuman, H., Steeh, C., Bobo, L., & Krysan, L. (1997). Racial attitudes in America: Trends and interpretations. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Sigelman, L., & Tuch, S.A. (1997). Meta-stereotypes: Black’s perceptions of White’s stereotypes of Black’s. Public Opinion Quarterly, 61, 87-101. Recuperado de https://www.jstor.org/stable/2749513
Stephan, W.G., Ybarra, O., Martinez, C., Schwarzwald, J., & Tur-Kaspa, M. (1998). Prejudice toward immigrants to Spain and Israel: An integrated threat theory analysis. Journal of Cross Cultural Psychology, 29(4), 559-576.
Stephan, W.G., Boniecki, K.A., Ybarra, O., Bettencourt, A., Ervin, K.S., Jackson, L.A., McNatt, P.S., & Renfro, C.L. (2002). The role of threats in the racial attitudes of Blacks and Whites. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28(9), 1242-1254.
Stephan, W.G., Díaz-Loving, R., & Duran, A. (2000). Integrated threat theory and intercultural attitudes: Mexico and the United States. Journal of Cross Cultural Psychology, 31, 240-249.
Swim, J.K., & Stangor, C. (1998), Prejudice: the target’s perspective. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.