Protección cardiovascular con flavonoides. Enigma farmacocinético

Autores/as

  • Juan Duarte Departamento de Farmacología. Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad de Granada
  • Francisco Pérez-Vizcaíno Departamento de Farmacología. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Complutense de Madrid

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4321/s2340-98942015000400002

Palabras clave:

Quercetina, Hipertensión, Metabolitos plasmáticos

Resumen

Objetivos. Los flavonoides ejercen efectos beneficiosos en la prevención de las enfermedades cardiovasculares. En esta revisión trataremos de clarificar algunas preguntas fundamentales respecto a la eficacia, mecanismo de acción y biodisponibilidad de uno de los flavonoides dietéticos más abundante, la quercetina.

Métodos. Se utilizó la base de datos de la National Library of Medicine, Washington, DC (MEDLINE: PubMed). Se recopilaron todos los estudios en animales y en humanos disponibles online desde la creación de la base de datos hasta Noviembre de 2015.

Resultados. La quercetina produce un efecto vasodilatador y antihipertensor en modelos animales y en individuos hipertensos. Es eficaz en todos los modelos de hipertensión analizados, independientemente del origen de la hipertensión, del estado del sistema renina-angiotensina, del estrés oxidativo, del óxido nítrico y de otros factores. Paradójicamente, a pesar de ejercer efectos sistémicos biológicamente demostrables, no se encuentra en el plasma tras su administración oral y sus metabolitos circulantes muestran una débil actividad in vitro. La quercetina es extensamente metabolizada en derivados metilados y glucurono- y sulfo-conjugados, que son las formas circulantes en el plasma; y glucurono-, pero no sulfo-conjugados, pueden ser hidrolizados a nivel vascular, produciendo la aglicona matriz que se acumula en los tejidos. La conjugación es un proceso reversible y, al menos con respecto a los efectos vasodilatador y antihipertensivo, el ciclo de conjugación-deconjugación parece ser un requisito absoluto.

Conclusiones. Los glucurono-conjugados transportan la quercetina y su forma metilada, y liberan en los tejidos la aglicona libre, que es el efector final.

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Publicado

2015-12-20

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1.
Duarte J, Pérez-Vizcaíno F. Protección cardiovascular con flavonoides. Enigma farmacocinético. Ars Pharm [Internet]. 20 de diciembre de 2015 [citado 24 de diciembre de 2024];56(4):193-200. Disponible en: https://revistaseug.ugr.es/index.php/ars/article/view/3868

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