Nanotechnology and the diagnosis/treatment of leishmaniasis.
Keywords:
Diagnosis, Drug Delivery, Drug Therapy, Leishmaniasis, NanoparticleAbstract
Aim: The review article updates the current state of the art in the engineering of nanoplatforms against leishmaniasis. Special attention is devoted to the development of drug nanocarriers to be given to patients through the parenteral, topical, and oral routes of administration. Challenges and opportunities coming from advanced formulation methods/strategies introduced in the design of these nanosystems are emphasized. Finally, particular attention is also given to the use of nanoparticulate systems for vaccine delivery and for the diagnosis of the disease.
Materials and Methods: To that aim, the Web sites of PubMed, HCAplus, Thomson, and Registry were used as the main sources to perform the search for the most significant research articles published on the subject. The information was then carefully analyzed, highlighting the most important preclinical results in the development of nanomedicines against leishmaniasis, as well considering vaccine delivery systems and nanoparticulate-based diagnosis.
Results and Conclusion: The introduction of nanotechnology into the leishmaniasis arena is intended to optimize both the diagnosis and treatment (drug/vaccine therapy) of the disease. The objective is always to improve the selectivity of the imaging molecules or drugs/vaccines toward the parasite, especially when it is located inside phagocytic cells and neutrophils, while keeping to a very minimum the toxic side effects. Of course, only the wise engineering of the nanoparticulate delivery system will assure the best diagnostic/therapeutic outcomes.
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