Mecanismos de transducción del lipopolisacárido
Palabras clave:
Shock séptico, Lipopolisacárido, CD14, TLR, MAP kinasas, Tyrosinkinasas, NF-κBResumen
El lipopolisacárido, componente de la pared de las bacterias Gram negativas, es el principal agente causante delshock séptico. Una vez en el torrente sanguíneo, el lipopolisacárido activa los sistemas de contacto y estimuladiferentes tipos celulares mediante moléculas de reconocimiento como el CD14 y los recientemente conocidos receptoresTLR, disparando diversas vías de transducción que interaccionan entre sí. Dentro de éstas destacan la vía delas MAP kinasas y la cascada de los TLR, que a su vez actúan sobre factores de transcripción. Uno de los principalesfactores nucleares es el NF-κB, con un papel fundamental en la inducción de enzimas implicadas en la producciónde citokinas y autacoides, tales como la óxido nítrico sintasa o la ciclooxigenasa inducibles. El aumento en laproducción de óxido nítrico, tromboxanos, prostaglandinas y otros agentes vasoactivos derivados de las enzimassintetizadas da lugar a las graves alteraciones cardiovasculares características del shock séptico.Descargas
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