Diseño de biomateriales inyectables para aplicaciones biomédicas y farmacéuticas: pasado, presente y futuro de los implantes generados in situ
Palabras clave:
Biomaterials inyectables, Cirugía mínimamente invasiva, Pastas termoplásticas, Precipitación in situ, Polímeros entrecruzados in situ, Materiales inteligentes, Matrices termosensibles, Matrices pH-dependientes, Matrices de comportamiento dualResumen
El implante de materiales biomédicos macroscópicos sólidos requiere de procedimientos quirúrgicos convencionales,comúnmente asociados con un extenso daño tisular. Con el objetivo de superar estas limitaciones, se han diseñadomatrices capaces de ser insertadas a través de metodologías mínimamente invasivas (inyección). De acuerdo a laspropiedades estructurales del implante luego de la inyección, los mismos pueden clasifi carse en 2 categorías: (1)implantes carentes de integridad estructural o no continuos y (2) materiales que forman un implante estructuralmenteíntegro o continuo. La primera estrategia se basa en la inyección de micro o nanopartículas suspendidas enun vehículo biocompatible. Debido a que no poseen propiedades mecánicas, estos implantes pueden migrar del sitiode inserción. Para sobreponerse a esta desventaja, se han diseñado sistemas que combinan: (1) baja viscosidad yalta fl uidez al momento de la inyección con (2) un aumento pronunciado en las propiedades mecánicas a posteriori,que resultará en la formación de un implante sólido y con límites bien defi nidos. El presente trabajo introduce demanera concisa y detallada las distintas estrategias desarrolladas durante los últimos 20 años para el diseño de estetipo de implantes, así como también las perspectivas futuras en el área.Descargas
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