Barriers that prevent effective implementation of Pharmaceutical Care
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30827/ars.v60i4.9403Keywords:
Pharmaceutical care, Pharmaceutical, PharmacyAbstract
Introduction: Pharmaceutical Care is a professional practice philosophy promoted in the 90s and supported by the World Health Organization and the International Federation of Pharmacists and other professional organizations.
Objective: To determine the barriers that prevent the implementation of Pharmaceutical Care in internal and external pharmacies of public and private healthcare centers where specialists in Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care are presents.
Materials and methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study, carried out through a survey adapted to pharmaceutical professionals with postgraduate training in Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, who work in external or internal pharmacies of public or private healthcare centers in the Capital City and Central Department of Paraguay.
Results: 34 respondents participated in the study, of whom 29/34 (85.3%) were female. Only one respondent owned a pharmacy. 64.7% (n = 22) had specialized training in Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care. 23/34 (n = 67.6%) had more than 10 years of professional experience. Among the most frequent barriers for the implementation of pharmaceutical care are: the lack of regulations (n = 14, 41.2%), lack of time (n = 10, 29.4%), lack of necessary infrastructure (n = 8) were highlighted, (23.5%) or does not receive the appropriate salary for providing the “Pharmaceutical Care”.
Conclusion: The most frequent barriers that prevent the implementation of Pharmaceutical Care, are the lack of regulation, lack of time, lack of infrastructure, lack of extra paid for that particular activity out of the scope of every day job.
Downloads
References
Hepler C, Strand L. Oportunidades y responsabilidades en la atención farmacéutica. 1990 AMJ HOSPHARM; 47: 533-543.
WHO/PHARM/DAP/90.1. El papel del farmacéutico en el sistema de atención de salud. 1988, Nueva Delhi.
The role of the pharmacist in the health care system. Preparing the future pharmacist: Curricular development. Report of a third WHO Consultative Group on the role of the pharmacist, Vancouver, Canada, 27–29 August 1997. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1997. WHO/PHARM/97/599. Disponible en: http://www.who.int/medicinedocs
Faus MJ. El programa Dáder. Pharmaceutical Care España 2000; 2: 73-74.
Machuca M, Gutiérrez I, Romero L, Rubio P, Díaz A. La metodología Dáder como herramienta para la resolución de casos complejos. Pharmaceutical Care España. 2002; 4: 314-318.
Lugo G, Bittner M, Chávez H, Pérez S. Implementación de un Programa de Atención Farmacéutica en Farmacias Comunitarias para la detección de la Hipertensión Arterial y su Seguimiento Farmacoterapéutico. Lat. Am. J. Pharm. 2007; 26 (4): 590-595.
Maidana GM, Lugo GB, Vera Z, Pérez S, Mastroianni PC. Evaluación de un programa de Atención Farmacéutica en pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2. Pharm Care Esp. 2016; 18 (1): 3-15.
Rodríguez Bonnín M aA, Iglesias Peinado I, Benedí González J. Atención farmacéutica a pacientes en tratamiento con AINE. Pharm Care Esp. 2013; 15 (4): 130-139.
Mejía-Acosta N, Álvarez-Risco A, Solís-Tarazona Z, Matos-Valerio E, Zegarra-Arellano E, Del Águila Arcentales S. Reacciones adversas a medicamentos reportadas como resultado de la implementación de Atención Farmacéutica en la Farmacia Institucional DIGEMID-Ministerio de Salud de Perú. Pharm Care Esp. 2016; 18(2): 67-74.
Sevillano LG, Madrigal EA. Estudio de las reacciones adversas de los anticonceptivos hormonales desde la farmacia comunitaria. Pharm Care Esp. 2014; 16 (3): 98-109
Tuneu L, García-Peláez M, López S, Serra G, Alba G, Irala C, Ramos J, Tomas R, Bravo P, Bonal de Falgas J. Problemas relacionados con los medicamentos en pacientes que visitan un servicio de urgencias. Pharmaceutical Care. España 2000; 2: 177-192.
Baena MI. Problemas Relacionados con los medicamentos como causa de consulta en el servicio de urgencias del Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves de Granada [Tesis Doctoral]. Universidad de Granada, 2003.
Machuca M, Gutiérrez I, Romero L, Rubio P, Díaz A. La metodología Dáder como herramienta para la resolución de casos complejos. Pharmaceutical Care España 2002; 4: 314-318.
Hidalgo Cabrera J, Cámara Núñez D, Baena MI, Fajardo PC, Martínez-Martínez F. Barreras para la implantación del seguimiento fármaco-terapéutico en las farmacias comunitarias de Granada (España). Seguimiento Farmacoterapéutico 2005; 3(3): 144-149.
Rovers JP, Currie JD, Hagel HP, McDonough RP, Sobotka JL. Barriers to pharmaceutical care. Cap. 12. En: A practical guide to pharmaceutical care. Am Pharm Assoc. 1998. 194-206.
Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social, Resolución N° 826/2015. “Por la cual se aprueba la Política nacional de Medicamentos 2015, y se dispone su implementación y aplicación en todo el territorio de la República”. Asunción-Paraguay: Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social (MSPBS). 2015.
Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social. Resolución S.G. N° 498. “Por la cual se aprueba la guía de verificación del cumplimiento de buenas prácticas de farmacia para la obtención de autorización de apertura y renovación de apertura. Asunción-Paraguay: Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social (MSPBS). 2014.
Aldo Álvarez R. Barreras para la implementación de la Atención Farmacéutica en establecimientos farmacéuticos de Cusco, Perú. Pharmaceutical Care Espana. 2016; 18(5):194-205.
Organización Panamericana de la Salud y Consejo de Organizaciones Internacionales de las Ciencias Médica. Pautas éticas internacionales para la investigación relacionada con la salud con seres humanos. 4ª Edición. Ginebra: Consejo de Organizaciones Internacionales de las Ciencias Médicas (CIOMS); 2016.
Mehralian G, Rangchian M, Javadi A, Peiravian F. Investigation on barriers to pharmaceutical care in community pharmacies: a structural equation model. Int J Clin Pharm. 2014; 36:1087-1094. Doi:10.1007/s11096-014-9998-6
El Hajj MS, AL-Saeed HS, Khaja M. Qatar pharmacists’ understanding, attitudes, practice and perceived barriers related to providing pharmaceutical care. Int J Clin Pharm. 2016; 38(2): 330-343. Doi: 10.1007/s11096-016-0246-0
Uema SA, Vega EM; Armando PD, Fontana D. Barriers to pharmaceutical care in Argentina. Pharm World Sci. 2008; 30: 211-215. Doi:10.1007/s11096-007-9167-2
Ung COL, Chao CK; Hu Y, Zhao J, Li P, Wang Y, Hu H. Community pharmacists’ understanding, attitudes, practice and perceived barriers related to providing pharmaceutical care: A questionnaire-based survey in Macao. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2016; 15 (4): 847-854. Doi: 10.4314/tjpr.v15i4.26
Liekens S, Smits T, Laekeman G, Foulon V. Pharmaceutical care for people with depression: Belgian pharmacists’ attitudes and perceived barriers. Int J Clin Pharm. 2012; 34: 452-459. Doi:10.1007/s11096-012-9628-0
AbuRuz S, Al-Ghazawi M, Snyder A. Pharmaceutical care in a community-based practice setting in Jordan: where are we now with our attitudes and perceived barriers? International Journal of Pharmacy Practice. 2012; 20:71-79. Doi: 10.1111/j.2042-7174.2011.00164.x
Álvarez-Risco A, Yi-Fang L, Del-Águila-Arcentales S, Pei-Wen Y. Barreras para la provisión de Atención Farmacéutica en farmacias de Tainan, Taiwán. Pharm Care Esp. 2017; 19(2): 58-68.
Hidalgo Cabrera J, Cámara Núñez D, Baena MI, Fajardo PC, Martínez-Martínez F. Barreras para la implantación del seguimiento farmacoterapéutico en las farmacias comunitarias de Granada (España). Seguimiento Farmacoterapéutico 2005; 3 (3): 144-149.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2019 Gladys Beatriz Lugo, Zully Concepción Vera, Ana Aguilar-Rabito, Lourdes Raquel Samaniego, Gladys Mabel Maidana de Larroza
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The articles, which are published in this journal, are subject to the following terms in relation to the rights of patrimonial or exploitation:
- The authors will keep their copyright and guarantee to the journal the right of first publication of their work, which will be distributed with a Creative Commons BY-NC-SA 4.0 license that allows third parties to reuse the work whenever its author, quote the original source and do not make commercial use of it.
b. The authors may adopt other non-exclusive licensing agreements for the distribution of the published version of the work (e.g., deposit it in an institutional telematic file or publish it in a monographic volume) provided that the original source of its publication is indicated.
c. Authors are allowed and advised to disseminate their work through the Internet (e.g. in institutional repositories or on their website) before and during the submission process, which can produce interesting exchanges and increase citations of the published work. (See The effect of open access).
