Evaluation and establishment of quality specifications to pool of sharks liver oil
Keywords:
Method of K tabulated, Palmitic acid, Quality specifications, Shark liver oil pool, Vitamin AAbstract
Aims: The objective was to experimentally determine the quality specification limits for the pool of shark-liver oil from Cuban coastal sharks, by using the tabulated K method.
Materials and methods: Using ten consecutive lots, an analysis was carried out of parameters such as specific weight, refractive indexes, acidity, saponification, peroxide, unsaponifiable matter, and vitamin A and palmitic acid content. The distribution and randomness of the data was assessed. Then, the quality specification limits were calculated, for a 95% degree of confidence.
Results: The values obtained in the assessment of physical and chemical parameters demonstrated the quality of the oil, by adhering to the normal distribution and randomness of data, with probability values above 0,05.
Conclusions: Using the tabulated K method were established unilateral quality specification limits to index of acidity and vitamin A and palmitic acid content, while to specific weight, refractive indexes, saponification, peroxide and unsaponifiable matter were bilateral. The assessed lots of pool shark-liver oil have adequate quality, considering the results of the evaluated parameters. The properties of the assessed lots showed a high degree of compliance.
Downloads
References
Regulación No. 16-2006. Directrices de Buenas Prácticas de Fabricación de Productos Farmacéuticos. CECMED, Cuba. 2006;195-218.
ISP. Propuesta de guía sobre especificaciones de producto terminado (FPT). Instituto de Salud. República de Chile.
Departamento Control Nacional. Subdepartamento Registro. 2000.
Espinosa JM. Normalización, metrología y control de la calidad. Ed. Félix Varela. La Habana. 2008.
Carrillo D, González AF, Rodríguez J, Suárez Y,Fernández M, Veliz J. Evaluation and establishment of new quality specification to immunoglobulin and albumin. Lat Am J Pharm. 2011;30(6):1045-50.
Montgomery DC. Introduction to statistical quality control. John Wiley & Sons Third ed. 1996.
United State Pharmacopeia (USP 35). United States Pharmacopoeia (USP 35/2012 NF 30). US Pharmacopoeia Convention, Inc. Washington DC. 2012.
Pugliese PT, Jordan K, Cederberg H, Brohult, J. Some biological actions of alkylglycerols from shark liver oil. J Altern Complement Med. 1998;4:87–99.
Rabasco Alvarez AM, González Rodríguez ML. Lipids in pharmaceutical and cosmetic preparations. Grasas y Aceites. 2000;51:74-96.
Wetherbee BM, Nichols PD. Lipid composition of the liver oil of deep-sea sharks from the Chatham Rise, New Zealand. Comp Biochem Physiol. 2000;125B:511–521.
al Makdessi S, Sweidan H, Jacob R. N-3 versus n-6 fatty acid incorporation into the phospholipids of rat heart sarcolemma. A comparative study of four different oil diets. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1994;26:23–29.
Murphy MG, Wright V, Ackman RG, Horackova M. Diets enriched in menhaden fish oil, seal oil, or shark liver oil has distinct effects on the lipid and fatty-acid composition of guinea pig heart. Mol Cell Biochem. 1997;177:257–269.
Nassif-Hadad A, Meriño-Ibarra E. Acidos grasos omega-3:
pescados de carne azul y concentrados de aceites de pescado. Lo bueno y lo malo. Rev Cuba Med. 2003;42(2):49 – 55.
Nichols PD, Rayner M, Stevens J. In: A pilot investigation on Northern Australian shark liver oils: Characterization and value-adding. FRDC Project Report 99/369, CSIRO Marine Research and Fisheries Research and Development Corporation, Australia. 2001.
Bécquer C, Castiñeira M, Santa Ana D, Sánchez M. Validación de un método cromatográfico (CLAR) para la determinación de vitamina A en aceite de hígado de tiburón. Revista CENIC. Ciencias Químicas. 1999;30(3):164 – 167.
García CM, Castiñeira M, Fernández M, Romero JA, Collazo S, Mancebo B, Torres L. Determinación por CLAR de las vitaminas A y D en aceite de hígado de tiburón. Lat Am J Pharm. 2008;27(3):419-424.
García CM, Castiñeira M, Fernández M, Romero JA, Collazo S, Arcia A. Determinación por CLAR de la vitamina E en el pool de aceite de hígado de tiburón. Lat Am J Pharm. 2008;27(5):771-775.
García E, Gutiérrez S, Nolasco H, Carreón L, Arjona O. Lipid composition of shark liver oil: effects of emulsifying and microencapsulation processes. Eur Food Res Technol. 2005:697-701.
Cruz- Nuñez G, Palmadóttir H, Jónsdóttir R, García E. Quality of cuban shark liver oil. Comparison with icelandic cod liver oil. REDVET. Revista Electrónica de Veterinaria. 2009;10(2):1-10.
Garcia E, Gutiérrez S, Nolasco H. Caracterización de lípidos en aceites de hígados de tiburones costeros de Cuba. REDVET. Revista Electrónica de Veterinaria. 2005;VI (8):1-8.
Adeniyi OD, Baw AA. Mackerel (Scomber Scrombrus) oil extraction and evaluation as raw materials for industrial utilization. Leonardo J Sci. 2006;8:33–42.
Nichols PD, Bakes MJ, Elliott NG. Oils rich in docosahexaenoic
acid in livers of sharks from temperate Australian waters. J Mar Freshwater Res. 1998;49:763–767.
Banjo O. Composition and properties of shark liver oil and liver residue. J Food Technol. 1979;14:107– 113.
Peyronel D, Artaud J, Iatrides MC, Rancurel P, Chevalier JL. Fatty acid and squalene compositions of Centrophorus spp egg and liver oils in relation to age. Lipids. 1984;19:643–648.
Navarro G, Pacheco R, Vallejo B, Ramirez J, Bolaños A. Lipid composition of the liver oil of shark species from the Caribbean and Gulf of California waters. J Food Compos Anal. 2000;13:791-798.
Nichols PD, Mooney BD, Elliott NG. Unusually high levels of non-saponifiable lipids in the fishes escolar and rudderfish: Identification by gas and thin-layer chromatography. J Chromatog. 2001;936:183–191.
Bruce D, Geremy C. The liver lipid fatty acid profiles of seven Indian Ocean shark species. Fish Physiol Biochem. 2002;26:171–175.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
The articles, which are published in this journal, are subject to the following terms in relation to the rights of patrimonial or exploitation:
- The authors will keep their copyright and guarantee to the journal the right of first publication of their work, which will be distributed with a Creative Commons BY-NC-SA 4.0 license that allows third parties to reuse the work whenever its author, quote the original source and do not make commercial use of it.
b. The authors may adopt other non-exclusive licensing agreements for the distribution of the published version of the work (e.g., deposit it in an institutional telematic file or publish it in a monographic volume) provided that the original source of its publication is indicated.
c. Authors are allowed and advised to disseminate their work through the Internet (e.g. in institutional repositories or on their website) before and during the submission process, which can produce interesting exchanges and increase citations of the published work. (See The effect of open access).