Approach to the Treatment of Skin Aging
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4321/s2340-98942015000400001Keywords:
Skin aging, Hydration, Free Radicals, Repairmen Cosmetic, GenocosmeticAbstract
Objectives. Currently the skin aging is very important in the cosmetic field. For this reason, in this work a review about the skin aging is made. Therefore, our work focuses on the different theories that explain the skin aging as well as the causes that can induce this aging. In addition the compounds used in its treatment are studies, both from the point of view of preventive cosmetics as products used as repairmen.
Methods. To carry out this work were used different database as the National Library of Medicine, Washington, DC (MEDLINE PubMed) and a lot of interesting information available online.
Results. Different compounds are analyzed from a preventive and reparative used. It is observed how the use of many of them can have a dual action, and these compounds can be used with a hydrating and antioxidant purpose moreover the effects taken may be varied and with different intensity. Therefore proteoglycans, hyaluronic acid, peptides, melatonin and DHEA, two hormones recently used, are studied. Among the analyzed antioxidants, vitamin E and polyphenols seem to be more evidence that supporting their beneficial effect.
Conclusions. The combination of several cosmetic compounds is a factor to be taken into account. In this sense, the future of anti-aging treatment may depend of a previous genetic study and the development of appropriate formulation for each type of skin. However more studies are needed to substantiate the concept of genocosmetic.
Downloads
References
Guinot C, Malvy DJ, Ambroisine L, Relative contribution of intrinsic vs extrinsic factors to skin aging as determined by a validated skin age score. Arch Dermatol. 2002; 138(11):1454–1460.
Toledo LI, Murga M, Gutiérrez-Martínez P, Soria R, y Fernández-Capetillo O. ATR signaling can drive cells into senescence in the absence of DNA breaks. Genes Dev 2008; 22:297-302.
Dalgleish R, WoodHouse M. An RFLP associated with the human type III collagen gene (COL3A1). Nucleic Acids Res. 1985; 25(12):4609-15.
Piotr Z. Relation ship of electrophilic stress to aging. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 2011; 51:1087–1105.
Shekar SN, Luciano M, Duffy DL, Martin NG. Genetic and environmental influences on skin pattern deterioration. J Invest Dermatol. 2005; 125(6):1119–1129.
Florence DC, Verbexe A, Toussaint O, UV stress and aging. Dermato-endocrinology 2012; 4:236–240.
Katsnelson A, Molecular beauty. Nature 2015; 526:4-5
Quan T, Wang F, Shao Y, Rittie L, Xia W, Orringer JS, Voorhees J, Fisher GJ. Enhancing Structural Support of the Dermal Microenvironment Activates Fibroblasts, Endothelial Cells, and Keratinocytes in Aged Human Skin. J. Invest. Dermatol. 2013; 133:658-667.
Chang AL, Atzmon G, Bergman A, Brugmann S, Atwood SX, Chang HY, Barzilai N. Identification of Genes Promoting Skin Youthfulness by Genome-Wide Association Study. J. Invest. Dermatol. 2014; 134:651-657
Draelos ZD. Mitos sobre los cosmeceúticos antienvejecimiento. En: Draelos ZD, editor. CosmeceúticosElsevier, Madrid, 2006, p. 177-183.
Lee SJ, Lee SH, Yoon MH, Park B.J, A new p53 target gene, RKIP, is essential for DNA damage-induced cellular senescence and suppression of ERK activation. Neoplasia 2013; 15:727–737.
Erin MB, Aloysius JK.,The role of telomeres in the ageing of human skin. Exp. Dermatol. 2011; 20:297–302.
Lin DS, Yeung CY, Liu HL., Ho CS, ShuCH, Chuang CK. A novel mutation in PYCR1 causes an autosomal recessive cutis lax a with premature aging features in a family. Am. J. Med. Genet. 2011; 155:1285–1289.
Naval J, Alonso V, Herranz MA. Genetic polimorphyms and skin aging: the identification of population genotypic groups holds potential for personalized treaments. Clinical, Cosmetic and Dermatology. 2014; 7:207-214.
Bulpitt CJ, Markowe HL, Shipley MJ. Why do some people look older than they should? Postgrad Med J. 2001; 77(911):578–581.
Saeed M, Cruz TD. Exploring the utility of genetic markers for predicting biological age. Leg Med. 2012; 14(6):279–285.
Christensen K, Thinggaard M, McGue M, Perceived age as clinically useful biomarker of ageing: cohort study. BMJ. 2009; 339:5262-68.
Poljsak B, Dahmane RG, Godic A. Intrinsic skin aging: the role of oxidative stress. ActaDermatovenerol Alp PanonicaAdriat. 2012; 21(2):33–36.
Naylor EC, Watson RE, Sherratt MJ. Molecular aspects of skin ageing. Maturitas. 2011; 69(3):249–256.
Tanuja Y, Shivangi M, Shefali D, Shikha A., Vibha R. Antecedents and natural prevention of environmental toxicants induced accelerated aging of skinenvironmental toxicology and pharmacology 2015; 39:384–391.
Kohl E, Steinbauer J, Landthaler M, Szeimies R.M, Skin ageing. J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol.2011; 25: 873–884.
Gorouhi F, Maibach H. Role of topical peptides in preventing or treating aged skin. Int. J. Cosmetic. Sci. 2009; 31(5):327–345.
López E. Un nuevo activo antipolución y antienvejecimiento. Noticias de Cosmética y Perfumería.2002; 261:12-17.
Lungu C, Considine E, Zahir S, Ponsati B, Arrastia S, Hallett M, Pilot study of topical acetyl hexapeptide-8 in the treatment for blepharospasm in patients receiving botulinum toxin therapy. Eur. J. Neurol. 2013; 20(3):515–518.
Carruthers JD, Carruthers JA. Treatment of glabellar frown lines with C. botulinum-A exotoxin. J DermatolSurgOncol 1992; 18:17-21.
García A, Fulton JE. Cosmetic denervation of de muscles of facial expression with botulinum toxin. DermatolSurg 1996; 22:39-43.
Fernández-Lorente M, Aldanondo I, Jaén P. Efectos secundarios de la toxina botulínica. Piel 2005; 20(9):474-480.
Stegman SJ,Tromovitch TA, Glogau RG. The skin of the aging face in cosmetic dermatologic surgery. 2nd ed. Mosby Year Book, St. Louis, Missouri, 1990pp. 5-15.
Gutierrez LM, Viniegra S, Rueda J, Ferrer-Montiel AV, Canaves JM, Montal MA. A peptide that mimics the C-terminal secuence of SNAP-25 inhibits secretory vesicle docking in chrorn affine cells. J BiolChem 1997; 272:2634-2638.
Becker-Wegerich PM, Rauch L, Ruzicka T. Botulinum toxin a successful décolleté rejuvenation. DermatolSurg 2002; 28:168-171.
Benedetto V. The cosmetic use of botulinum neurotoxin type A, Int. J. Dermatol. 1999; 38:641-655.
Blanes-Mira C, Merino JM, Valera E, Fernández-Ballester G, Gutierrez LM, Viniegra S, Pérez-Payá E, Ferrer-Montiel A. Small peptides patterned after the N-terminus domain of SNAP 25 inhibit SNARE complex Assembly and regulated exocytosis. J. Neurochem. 2004; 88:124-125.
Hoppel M, Reznicek G, Kahliga H, Kotisch H, Reschd GP, ValentaC, Topical delivery of acetyl hexapeptide-8 from different emulsions: Influence of emulsion composition and internal structure European J. Pharm. Sci. 2015; 68: 27-35.
Ruiz MA, Clares B, Morales ME, Cazalla S, Gallardo V. Preparation and stability of cosmetic formulations with an anti-aging peptide. J. Cosmet. Sci. 2006; 58(2):157-171.
Peyron JG. Intraarticularhyaluronan injections in the treatment of osteoarthritis: state-of-art review. J Rheumatol. 1993; 20(39):10-15.
Eleni P, Michael R, George K. Hyaluronic acid: a key molecule in skin aging. Dermato-endocrinology 2012; 4:253–258.
Choi KY, Min KH, Yoon HY, Kim K., Park JH, Kwon IC, Choi K, Jeong SY, PEGylation of hyaluronic acid nanoparticles improves tumor targetability in vivo. Biomaterials 2011; 32:1880-1889.
Rock K., Grandoch M, Majora M, Krutmann J, Fische JW. Collagen fragments inhibit hyaluronan synthesis in skin fibroblasts in response to ultraviolet B (UVB): new insights into mechanisms of matrix remodeling. J. Biol. Chem. 2011; 286:18268–18276.
Zhao F, Liu Z, Wub D.Antioxidative effect of melatonin on DNA and erythrocytes against free-radical-induced oxidation. Chemistry and Physics of Lipids 2008; 151:77–84.
Di Sabatino M, Melegari C, Passerini N. Formulating SLMs as oral pulsatile system for potential delivery of melatonin to pediatric population. Int. J. of Pharm. 2014; 469:67–79.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
The articles, which are published in this journal, are subject to the following terms in relation to the rights of patrimonial or exploitation:
- The authors will keep their copyright and guarantee to the journal the right of first publication of their work, which will be distributed with a Creative Commons BY-NC-SA 4.0 license that allows third parties to reuse the work whenever its author, quote the original source and do not make commercial use of it.
b. The authors may adopt other non-exclusive licensing agreements for the distribution of the published version of the work (e.g., deposit it in an institutional telematic file or publish it in a monographic volume) provided that the original source of its publication is indicated.
c. Authors are allowed and advised to disseminate their work through the Internet (e.g. in institutional repositories or on their website) before and during the submission process, which can produce interesting exchanges and increase citations of the published work. (See The effect of open access).
