Efectos farmacológicos y nutricionales de los extractos de Curcuma longa L. y de los cucuminoides
Palabras clave:
Curcuma longa L., curcumina, hipolipidémico, antiinflamatorio, antioxidante, anticancerosoResumen
La Curcuma longa L., es una planta de origen asiático muy usada comúnmente como una especia en la culturaasiática. El principal componente es la curcumina, uno de los ingredientes activos responsables de su actividadbiológica. Se sabe que esta sustancia es estable en el estómago y en el intestino delgado; su elevada lipofilia le permiteuna rápida absorción gastrointestinal por difusión pasiva. Tras su administración, es metabolizada y excretadaprincipalmente por bilis y heces, y también por orina. Sus principales metabolitos también son bioactivos.Desde antiguo, se han descrito muchas propiedades para los extractos de Curcuma longa y para la curcumina. Seconoce su actividad antibacteriana, antifúngica y antiparasitaria, y recientemente se ha demostrado su capacidadpara inhibir la integrasa del HIV-1. También se han demostrado efectos específicos en otros tejidos y órganos, comola piel, el sistema gastrointestinal y respiratorio y en el hígado.Todas estas propiedades son debidas a distintos mecanismos de acción. Se ha demostrado que la cúrcuma poseeefectos antiinflamatorios, a través de la modulación del metabolismo de los eicosanoides, tiene capacidadinmunomoduladora, principalmente alterando el perfil de las citoquinas Thl de los linfocitos T helper, y actividadhipolipidémica, disminuyendo el colesterol, los triglicéridos y los fosfolípidos plasmáticos así como en las LDL.Hay muchos estudios que demuestran la capacidad de la cúrcuma para estabilizar membranas y para prevenir laperoxidación lipídica, un proceso fundamental en el establecimiento, la progresión y las complicaciones de muchaspatologías como las enfermedades hepáticas, renales, cardiovasculares, neurodegenerativas, en la diabetes y en lascataratas. Las últimas investigaciones sobre los efectos biológicos de los extractos de cúrcuma y de los curcuminoidesestán encaminados a estudiar su actividad anticancerosa, principalmente frente al cáncer de piel, colon y duodeno.Descargas
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