Aplicación de la tecnología de impresión en 3D para la formulación farmacéutica de flavonoides
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30827/ars.v66i2.31923Palabras clave:
Flavonoides, Impresión tridimensional, Manufactura de FármacosResumen
Introducción: La impresión en 3D es una tecnología vanguardista que puede emplearse para formular compuestos farmacéuticos de baja solubilidad, como lo son los flavonoides, que son compuestos de origen vegetal a los cuales se les ha atribuido diversos efectos farmacológicos. Esta revisión describe los estudios en los que se ha aplicado esta tecnología para formular flavonoides en distintas formas farmacéuticas.
Método: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica buscando en la base de datos Google Scholar y el motor de búsqueda Pubmed hasta el mes de enero del año 2025 empleando las palabras clave “3D printing”, “flavonoids” y “formulation”. Se seleccionaron artículos originales publicados en idioma inglés.
Resultados: Se encontraron 5 artículos. En ellos, se formularon los flavonoides puerarin, catequina, apigenina y quercetina. La puerarin, un flavonoide con efectos cardiovasculares se formuló en tabletas flotantes gástricas que extendieron su tiempo de permanencia en el estómago y mejoraron su liberación en comparación con tabletas convencionales. Para la catequina y apigenina, (flavonoides con propiedades antioxidantes y anticancerígenas, respectivamente) se diseñaron películas orales mucoadhesivas que permiten una absorción local rápida para el tratamiento de úlceras orales y leucoplasia, respectivamente. La quercetina, con actividad antimicrobiana contra Mycobacterium tuberculosis, se formuló en parches dérmicos que lograron liberar el fármaco de forma sostenida durante 70 h en estudios in vitro y mantuvieron niveles plasmáticos estables por hasta 18 días en modelos animales.
Conclusión: La impresión en 3D se ha empleado para formular exitosamente flavonoides en diferentes formas farmacéuticas, lo cual ha mejorado notablemente sus características biofarmacéuticas. Sin embargo, se trata de investigación básica, por lo que es importante llevar a cabo ensayos preclínicos de manera formal para que estos productos beneficien a pacientes reales, incluyendo pacientes veterinarios.
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