Écopoétiques guérillères contre/insurrectionnelles
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.30827/tn.v8i1.29769Mots-clés :
poésie guérillera, écopoétique, contre-insurrection, nouveaux matérialismes, traductionRésumé
En nous appuyant sur des exemples de poésie guérillera latino-américaine de Mario Payeras, Javier Heraud et Rita Valdivia traduits dans des petites presses anglophones, cet article explore les fissures entre les environnements matériels de la lutte et les préoccupations théoriques d’une écopoétique transculturelle. L’article propose que l’« écopoétique guérillera » qui en résulte reflète à la fois les réseaux de solidarité internationale dans lesquels ces poèmes ont été publiés et la rhétorique de la contre-insurrection, à travers la figure écologique partagée de la relationalité enchevêtrée. Dans le poème « Écologie » d’Ernesto Cardenal, la lutte politique est imbriquée dans une écologie relationnelle qui dépasse l’humain. Mais cette affirmation, commune à d’autres poésies lyriques guérilleras, est compliquée par la traduction ambivalente entre le langage et la matière via des métaphores insurgées qui figurent la stratégie guérillera en termes de cycles et processus naturels, tels que l’essaimage et la pollinisation. À leur tour, ces figures sont susceptibles d’être capturées par le discours contre-insurrectionnel, qui naturalise la lutte agraire, et par la théorie environnementale, qui utilise le langage des essaims et des assemblages. Cet argument sur la naturalisation de la reproduction sociale par le langage figuré, englobant la praticité militante de l’approvisionnement, de l’infrastructure et de la subsistance (et leur envers, le sabotage et la contre-attaque), mène à des tensions entre la théorie du Nouveau Matérialisme et le matérialisme historique, négociées à travers ce que l’intellectuel militant guatémaltèque Mario Payeras appelle la « dialectique environnementale ».
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