Macronutrient effect on animal models of periodontal disease: a systematic review

María Dolores Navarro Hortal; Cristina Bernal Moreno; Alfonso Varela López

doi:10.30827/ars.v59i4.7317

Autores/as

María Dolores Navarro Hortal Universita Politecnica delle Marche
Cristina Bernal Moreno Universidad de Granada
Alfonso Varela López Università Politenica delle Marche

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30827/ars.v59i4.7317

Palabras clave:

periodontitis, dieta, lípidos, carbohidratos, proteínas

Resumen

Objetivos: La enfermedad periodontal es una de las enfermedades orales crónicas más comunes en todo el mundo y representa un importante problema de salud pública en muchos países. Las enfermedades periodontales incluyen periodontitis crónica y periodontitis agresiva que generalmente se debe a la inflamación de la encía causada por infecciones bacterianas. La nutrición podría ejercer un papel fundamental ya que participa en diferentes afecciones y enfermedades inflamatorias. Hasta ahora, solo algunos investigadores han investigado el papel de los nutrientes en el desarrollo y la progresión de la enfermedad periodontal, pero los resultados obtenidos a menudo son difíciles de comparar debido a la heterogeneidad de los estudios.

Métodos: Este documento revisa sistemáticamente la literatura disponible en bases de datos hasta Febrero de 2018 sobre la relación entre macronutrientes y el desarrollo y progresión de enfermedades periodontales (periodontitis y gingivitis) en animales, con particular atención a los posibles mecanismos implicados en estas patologías. Resultados: Se encontraron un total de 5.484 publicaciones en la base de datos Pubmed. El análisis del título y resumen permitió seleccionar 88 artículos potenciales de acuerdo con los criterios de selección. No se encontraron artículos duplicados. La selección y lectura del texto complejo condujo a una cantidad final de 32 artículos.

Conclusiones: Entre todos los macronutrientes analizados, aquellos que tienen algún efecto sobre el estrés oxidativo o el sistema inmune parecen ser importantes para la prevención de la enfermedad periodontal o la mejoría de la enfermedad periodontal. Por un lado, hay evidencia a favor de un papel positivo de la proporción de ácidos grasos n-3 en la dieta debido a sus efectos antioxidantes e inmunomoduladores. Por otro lado, las dietas ricas en grasas saturadas o hipercalóricas aumentan el estrés oxidativo o promueven la inflamación, por lo que deben evitarse.

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Biografía del autor/a

María Dolores Navarro Hortal, Universita Politecnica delle Marche

Departamento de Fisiología e Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos “José Mataix Verdú”

Becaria de Colaboración

Cristina Bernal Moreno, Universidad de Granada

Departamento de Fisiología e Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos “José Mataix Verdú”

Personal técnico de apoyo

Alfonso Varela López, Università Politenica delle Marche

Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche

Becario Postdoctoral

Citas

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