Interés terapéutico de las estatinas en el tratamiento de la aterosclerosis
Palabras clave:
Estatinas, HMG-Co A reductasa, Aterosclerosis, Óxido nítrico, LDL, EndotelioResumen
Los inhibidores de la HMG-Co A reductasa o estatinas, son fármacos muy utilizados en el tratamiento de lahipercolesterolemia, ya que consiguen disminuir la concentración plamática de lipoproteína de baja densidad (LDL)regulando la síntesis endógena de colesterol y por tanto, de receptores para LDL.Recientemente se ha comprobado como el tratamiento prolongado con estos fármacos disminuyen la mortalidad ymorbilidad cardiovascular. Este fenómeno puede explicarse por los efectos beneficiosos directos de las estatinas enel desarrollo de la placa de ateroma. Las estatinas disminuyen la proliferación y migración de células de musculaturalisa vascular e inducen apoptosis de estas células. También previenen la oxidación de LDL y la formación de célulasespumosas, reducen la respuesta inflamatoria asociada a la aterosclerosis, normalizan los fenómenos de coagulacióny fibrinolisis y por último mejoran significativamente la función endotelial. Todas estas propiedades parecen estarmediadas compuestos isoprenoides intermediarios de la ruta metabólica de la HMG-Co A reductasa, y son independientesde la concentración de colesterol en el medio.Por tanto, las estatinas también podrían ser utilizadas en enfermedades asociadas a disfunción endotelial independientementede las cifras analíticas de LDL, tal y como sucede en la hipertensión.Descargas
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