El própolis y la salud
Palabras clave:
Própolis, Actividad biológica, Indicaciones, Evaluación de la calidad, Efectos secundariosResumen
El própolis es una resina cérea, de composición compleja y consistencia viscosa, que las abejas elaboran a partir departículas resinosas de diferentes vegetales y que utilizan en la construcción, reparación y protección de la colmena.Ampliamente utilizado desde la antigüedad con diversas finalidades, actualmente se investigan las acciones, efectosy posibles usos del própolis en biología y medicina, destacando su utilización como suplemento dietético y en laindustria farmacéutica.En este trabajo se revisan las pruebas disponibles sobre las propiedades del própolis en el tratamiento y prevenciónde distintos tipos de trastornos y para ello, tras un breve repaso a su origen y composición, se realiza una búsquedaexhaustiva de la información bibliográfica disponible sobre sus propiedades, los parámetros utilizados para evaluarsu calidad y sus posibles efectos secundarios.Los resultados obtenidos confirman su eficacia, principalmente, como antioxidante, antiinflamatorio y antimicrobianoDescargas
Citas
Cañas S. Els Productes del Rusc. Mètode 2002 (33);51-55.
Ifas/University of Florida. Focus on propolis. Apis 1997;15(11):2-3.
Krell R. Value-added products from beekeeping. FAO Agricultural Services Bulletin Nº. 124. Rome 1996.
Burdock GA. Review of the biological properties and toxicity of bee propolis (propolis). Food Chem Toxicol 1998;36(4):347-
Lin SC, Chung CY, Chiang CL, Hsu SH. The influence of propolis ethanol extract on liver microsomal enzymes and
glutathione after chronic alcohol administration. Am J Chin Med 1999;27(1):83-94.
Kumazawa S, Yoneda M, Shibata I, Kanaeda J, Hamasaka T, Nakayama T. Direct evidence for the plant origin of
Brazilian propolis by the observation of honeybee behavior and phytochemical analysis. Chem Pharm Bull
;51(6):740-742.
Bracho J.C. Calidad de propóleos de origen argentino. I Propiedades organolépticas. Vida Apícola 2003. Ed 20.
Stangaciu S. Cuidados para la producción y extracción de propóleos. Espacio Apícola Nº 33 1998: 24-29.
Banskota AH, Tezuka Y, Kadota S. Recent progress in pharmacological research of propolis. Phytother Res 2001;15(7):561-571.
Wollenweber E, Buchmann SL. Feral honey bees in the Sonoran Desert: Propolis sources other than poplars (Populus
spp.). Z Naturforsch C A J Biosci 1997;52(7-8):530-535.
Bankova V. Determininig quality in propolis samples. J Am Apither Soc 2000; Vol 7, Nº 2.
Bankova V, Popova M, Bogdanov S, Sabatini A. Chemical composition of European propolis: expected and unexpected
results. Z Naturforsch 2002; 57c:530-533.
Martos I, Cossentini M, Ferreres F, TomasBarberan FA. Flavonoid composition of Tunisian honeys and propolis. J
Agric Food Chem 1997;45(8):2824-2829.
Cuesta-Rubio O, Frontana-Uribe B, Ramírez-Apan T, Cárdenas J. Polyisoprenylated Benzophenones in Cuban Propolis;
Biological Activity of Nemorosone. Z Naturforsch 2002; 57c:372-378.
Marcucci MC, Ferreres F, Custodio AR, Ferreira MMC, Bankova VS, García-Viguera C. Evaluation of phenolic
compounds in Brazilian propolis from different geographic regions. Z Naturforsch C A J Biosci 2000;55(1-2):76-81.
Moreno MIN, Isla MI, Cudmani NG, Vattuone MA, Sampietro AR. Screening of antibacterial activity of Amaicha del
Valle (Tucuman, Argentina) propolis. J Etnophamacol 1999;68(1-3):97-102.
Wu P, Ye L. Determination of effective components in propolis. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu 2000;29(2):123-124.
Murat K, Serdar K, Semra K. GC-MS Analysis of propolis samples from two different regions of Turkey. Z Naturforsch
; 57c: 905-909.
Menghinello P, Cucchiarini L, Palma F, Agostini D, Dacha M, Stocchi V. Simultaneous analysis of flavonoid aglycones
in natural products using an RP-HPLC method. J Liq Chormatogr Relat Technol 1999;22(19):3007-3018.
Sorkun K, Süer B, Salih B. Determination of chemical composition of Turkish propolis. Z naturforsch 2001;56(7-
:666-668.
Hegazi A, Abd El Hady F. Egyptian propolis: 1 Antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of upper Egypt
propolis. Z Naturforsch 2001;56(1-2):82-88.
Abd El Hady F, Hegazi A. Egyptian propolis: 2. Chemical composition, antiviral and antimicrobial activities of east
nile delta propolis. Z Naturforsch 2002;57(3-4):386-394.
Hegazi A; Abd El Hady F. Egyptian propolis: 3. Antioxidant, antimicrobial activities and chemical composition of
propolis from reclaimed lands. Z Naturforsch 2002;57(3-4):395-402.
Park Y, Alencar S, Aguiar C. Botanical origin and chemical composition of Brazilian propolis. J Agric Food Chem
;50(9):2502-2506.
Muñoz O, Peña R, Ureta E, Montenegro G, Timmermann B. Propolis from Chilean matorral hives. Z Naturforsch
;56(3-4):269-272.
Muñoz O, Peña R, Ureta E, Montenegro G, Caldwell C, Timmermann B. Phenolic compounds of propolis from central
Chilean matorral. Z Naturforsch 2001;56c:273-277.
Durk E. The Ability of bee products to modulate human immuno system. Eight International Symposium on trends in
Biomedicine in Finland: allergy, oxidants and antioxidants, and human health 1997.
Scheller S, Dworniczak S, Waldemar-Klimmek K, Rajca M, Tomczyk A, Shani J. Synergism between ethanolic extract
of propolis (EEP) and anti-tuberculosis drugs on growth of mycobacteria. Z Naturforsch C A J Biosci 1999;54(7-
:549-553.
Choi YH, Lee WY, Nam SY, Choi KC, Park YE. Apoptosis induced by propolis inhuman hepatocellular carcinoma cell
line. Int J Mol Med 1999;;4(1):29-32.
Arvouet-Grand A, Vennat B, Pourrat A, Legret P. Standardization of propolis extract and identification of principal
constituents. J Pharm Belg 1994;49(6):462-468.
Bariliak IR, Berdyshev GD, Dugan AM. The antimutagenic action of apiculture products. Tsitol Genet 1996;30(6):48-55.
Miyataka H, Nishiki M, Matsumoto H, Fujimoto T, Matsuka M, Satoh T. Evaluation of propolis. 1. Evaluation of
Brazilian and Chinese propolis by enzimatic and physico-chemical methods. Biol Pharm Bull 1997;20(5):496-501.
Strehl E, Volpert R, Elstner EF. Biochemical activities of propolis extracts. III. Inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase.
Z Naturforsch C 1994;49(1-2):39-43.
Kujumgiev A; Tsvetkova I, Serkedjieva Y, Bankova V, Christov R, Popov S. Antibacterial, antifungical and antiviral
activity of propolis of different geographic origin. J Etnopharmacol 1999;64(3):235-240.
Isla M, Nieva M, Sampietro A, Vattuone M. Antioxidant activity of Argentine propolis extracts. J Ethnopharmacol
;76(2):165-170.
Claus R, Kinscherf R, Gehrke C, Bonaterra G, Basnet P, Metz J. Antiapoptotic effects of propolis extract and propel
on human macrophages exposed to minimally modified low density lipoprotein. Arzn Forsch Drug Res 2000;50(4):E373-E379.
Pascual C, Gonzalez R, Torricella RG. Scavenging action of propolis extract against oxygen radicals. J Ethnopharmacol
;41(1-2):9-13.
Banskota A, Tezuka Y, Adnyana I, Midorikawa K, Matsushige K, Message D. Cytotoxic, hepatoprotective and free
radical scavenging effects of propolis from Brazil, Peru, the Netherlands and China. J Ethnopharmacol 2000;72(1-2):239-246.
Sun F, Hayami S, Haruna S, Ogiri Y, Tanaka K, Yamada Y. In vivo antioxidative activity of propolis evaluated by
the interaction with vitamins C and E and the level of lipid hydroperoxidases in rats. J Agric Food Chem 2000;48(5):1462-
Samoliuk VA. The indices of the antioxidant system and the status of the cerebral blood supply in patients with an
ischemic episody on apitherapy. Lik Sprava 1995;(1-2):68-70.
Mirzoeva OK, Grishanin RN, Calder PC. Antimicrobial action of propolis and some of its components: the effects on
growth, membrane potencial and motility of bacteria. Microbiol Res 1997;152(3):239-246.
Heinze W, Holz J, Nattermann H, Blankesntein P. Effects of ethanol extracts of propolis against common bacteria, fungi
and viruses of veterinary importance. Tierarztl Umsch 1998;53(6):321-326.
Hegazi A, Abd El Hady F, Abd Allah F. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of European propolis. Z
Naturforsch 2000;55(1-2):70-75.
Velikova M, Bankova V, Sorkun K, Houcine S, Tsvetkova I, Kujumgiev A. Propolis from the Mediterranean region:
chemical composition and antimicrobial activity. Z Naturforsch 2000;55(9-10):790-793.
Sforcin JM, Fernandes A, Lopes CA, Bankova V, Funari SR. Seasonal efect on Brazilian propolis antibacterial activity.
Ethnopharmacol 2000;73(1-2):243-249.
Marcucci MC, Ferreres F, García-Viguera C, Bankova VS, De Castro SL, Dantas AP. Phenolic compounds from
Brazilian propolis with pharmacological activities. J Ethnopharmacol 2001;74(2):105-112.
Drago L, Mombelli B, De Vecchi E, Fassina M, Tocalli L, Gismondo M. In vitro antimicrobial activity of propolis dry
extract. J Chemother 2000;12(5):390-395.
Keskin N, Hazir S, Baser KH, Kurkcuoglu M. Antibacterial activity and chemical composition of Turkish propolis. Z
Naturforsch 2001;56(11-12):1112-1115.
Koo H, Gomes B, Rosalen P, Ambrosano G, Park Y. In vitro antimicrobial activity of propolis and Arnica montana
against oral pathogens. Arch Oral Biol 2000;45(2):141-148.
Serra Bonvehi J, Ventura Coll F. Study on propolis quality from China and Uruguay. Z Naturforsch 2000;55(9-10):778-84.
Tosi B, Donini A, Romagnoli C, Bruni A. Antimicrobial activity of some commercial extracts of propolis prepared with
different solvents. Phytother Res 1996;10(4):335-336.
Park Y, Ikegaki M. Preparation of water and ethanolic extracts of propolis and evaluation of the preparations. Biosci
Biotechnol Biochem 1998;62(11):2230-2232.
Santos FA, Bastos EM, Uzeda M, Carvalho MA, Farias LM, Moreira ES. Antibacterial activity of Brazilian propolis
and fractions against oral anaerobic bacteria. J Ethnopharmacol 2002;80(1):1-7.
Murad JM, Calvi SA, Soares AM, Bankova V, Sforcin JM. Effects of propolis from Brazil and Bulgaria on fungicidal
activity of macrophages against Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. J Ethnopharmacol 2002;79(3):331-4.
Ozcan M. Antifungical properties of propolis. Grasas y Aceites 1999;50(5):395-398.
Ota C, Unterkircher C, Fantinato V, Shimizu MT. Antifungical activity of propolis on different species of Candida.
Mycoses 2001;44(9-10):375-8.
Ghaly MF, Ezzat SM, Sarhan MM. Use of propolis and ultragriseofulvin to inhibit aflatoxigenic fungi. Folia Microbiol
;43(2):156-160.
Martins RS, Pereira ES, Lima SM, Senna MI, Mesquita RA. Effect of commercial ethanol propolis extract on the in
vivo growth of Candida albicans collected from HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative Brazilian patiens with oral
candidiasis. J Oral Sci 2002;44(1):41-8.
Serkedjieva J, Manolova N, Bankova V. Anti-influenza virus effect of some propolis constituents and their analogues
(esters of substituted cinnamic acids). J Nat Prod 1992;55(3):294-302.
Amoros M, Lurton E, Boustie J, Girre L, Sauvager F, Cormier M. Comparison of the anti-herpes simplex virus activities
of propolis and 3-methyl-but-2-enyl caffeate. J Nat Prod 1994;57(5):644-647.
Dumitrescu M, Sanu E, Crisan I. The mechanisms of the antiherpetic action of aqueous propolis extracts. I. The
antioxidant action on human fibroblast cultures. Rev Roum Virol 1992;3-4:165-173.
Vynograd N, Vynograd I, Sosnowski Z. A comparative multi-centre study of the efficacy of propolis, acyclovir and
placebo in the treatment of genital herpes (HSV). Phytomedicine 2000;7(1):1-6.
Huleihel M, Ishano V. Effect of propolis extract on malignant cell transformation by moloney murine sarcoma virus.
Arch Virol 2001;46(8):1517-26.
Higashi K, de Castro S. Propolis extracts are effective against Trypanosoma cruzi and have an impact on its interaction
with host cells. J Ethnopharmacol 1994;43(2):149-155.
Bratter C, Tregel M, Liebenthal C, Volk HD. Prophylactic effectiveness of propolis for immunostimulation: A clinical
pilot investigation. Forsch Komplementarmed 1999;6(5):256-260.
Harish Z, Rubinstein A, Golodner M, Elmaliah M, Mizrachi Y. Suppression of HIV-1 replication by propolis and its
immunoregulatory effect. Drugs Exp Clin Res 1997;23(2):89-96.
Mirzoeva O, Calder P. The effect of propolis and its components on eicosanoid production during the inflammatory
response. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1996;55(6):441-449.
Krol W, Scheller S, Czuba Z, Matsuno T, Zydowicz G, Shani J. Inhibition of neutrophils chemiluminescence by ethanol
extract of propolis (EEP) and its phenolic components. J Ethnopharmacol 1996;55(1):19-25.
Rossi A, Ligresti A, Longo R, Russo A, Borelli F, Sautebin L. The inhibitory effect of propolis and caffeic acid
phenethyl ester (CAPE) on cyclooxygenase activity in J774 macrophages. Phytomed 2002;9(6):530-535.
Cardile V, Panico A; Gentile B, Borrelli F, Russo A. Effect of propolis on human cartilage and chondrocytes. Life Sci
;73(8):1027-1035.
Volpert R, Elstner EF. Interactions of different extracts of propolis with leukocytes and leukocytic enzymes. Arzn
Forsch Drug Res 1996;46(1):47-51.
Park EH, Kim SH, Park SS. Anti-inflammatory activity of propolis. Arch Pharmacol Res 1996;19(5):337-341.
El Ghazaly MA, Khayyal MT. The use of aqueous propolis extract against radiation-induced damage. Drugs Exp Clin
Res 1995;21(6):229-236.
Song Y, Park E, Jung K, Jin C. Inhibition of angiogenesis by propolis. Arch Pharm Res 2002;25(4):500-4.
De Campos R, Paulino N, Da Silva C, Scremin A, Calixto J. Anti-hyperalgesic effect of an ethanolic extract of propolis
in mice and rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 1998;50(10):1187-1193.
Matusushige K, Basnet P, Hase K, Kadota S, Tanaka K, Namba T. Propolis protects pancreatic beta-cells against the
toxicity of streptozotocin (STZ). Phytomed 1996:3(2):203-209.
Varanda E, Monti R, Tavares D. Inhibitory effect of propolis and bee venom on the mutagenicity of some direct and
indirect acting mutagens. Teratog Carcinog Mutagen 1999;19(6):403-413.
El-Khatib A, Agha A, Mahran L, Khayyal M. Prophylactic effect of aqueous propolis extract against acute experimental
hepatotoxicity. Z Naturforsch 2002;57(3-4):379-85.
Heo M, Sohn S, Au W. Anti-genotoxicity of galangin as a cancer chemopreventive agent candidate. Mutat Res
;488(2):135-50.
Giamalia I, Steinberg D, Grobler S, Gedalia I. The effect of propolis exposure on microhardness of human enamel in
vitro. J Oral Rehabil 1999;26(12):941-943.
Song Y, Jin C, Jung K, Park E. Estrogenic effects of ethanol and ether extracts of propolis. J Ethenopharmacol
;82(2-3):89-95.
Benedum J. From the history of the wound care. Zentralbl Chir 2000;125 Suppl.1:84-86.
Gregory SR, Piccolo N, Piccolo MT, Piccolo MS, Heggers JP. Comparison of propolis skin cream to silver sulfadiazine:
a naturopathic alternative to antibiotics in treatment of minor burns. J Altern Complement Med 2002;8(1):77-83.
Ledon N, Casaco A, Gonzalez R, Merino N, Gonzalez A, Tolon Z. Antipsoriatic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic
effects of an extract of red propolis. Acta Pharmacol Sin 1997;18(3):274-276.
Jeng S, Shih M, Kao C, Chen S. Antimutagenicity of etanol extracts of bee glue against enrironmental mutagens. Food
Chem Toxicol 2000;38(10):893-897.
Luo J, Soh J, Xing W, Mao Y, Matsuno T. PM-3, a benzo-gamma-pyran derivative isolated from propolis, inhibits
growth of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Anticancer Res 2001;21(3B):1665-1671.
Chen C, Wu C, Shy H, Lin J. Cytotoxic prenylflavanones from Taiwanese propolis. J Nat Prod 2003;66(4):503-506.
Kimoto T, Arai S, Kohguchi M, Aga M, Nomura Y, Micallef MJ. Apoptosis and suppression of tumor growth by
artepillin C extracted from Brazilian propolis. Cancer Detect Prev 1998;22(6):506-515.
Kimoto T, Koya-Miyata S, Hino K, Micallef MJ, Hanaya T. Pulmonary carcinogenesis induced by ferric nitrilotriacetate
in mice and protection from it by Brazilian propolis and artepillin C. Virchows Arch 2001;438(3):259-270.
Kimoto T, Hino K, Yamamoto Y, Nomura Y, Micallef MJ, Hanaya T. Renal carcinogenesis induced by ferric nitrilotriacetate
in mice, and protection from it by Brazilian propolis and artepillin C. Pathol Int 2000;50(9):679-689.
Rao C, Desai D, Rivenson A, Simi B, Amin S, Reddy B. Chemoprevention of colon carcinogenesis by phenylethyl-
-methylcaffeate. Cancer Res 1995;55(11):2310-2315.
Bazo A, Rodrigues M, Sforcin J, de Camargo J, Ribeiro L. Protective action of propolis on the rat colon carcinogenesis.
Teratog Carcinog Mutagen 2202;22(3):183-94.
Orhan H, Marol S, Hepsen I, Sahin G. Effects of some probable antioxidants on selenite-induced cataract formation and
oxidative stress-related parameters in rats. Toxicol 1999;139(3):219-232.
Ozturk F, Kurt E, Cerci M, Emiroglu L, Inan U, Turker M. The effect of propolis extract in experimental chemical
corneal injury. Ophtalmic Res 2000;32(1):13-18.
Hepsen I, Er H, Cekic O. Topically applied water extract of propolis to suppress corneal neovascularization in rabbits.
Ophtalmic Res 1999;31(6):426-431.
Maichuk I, Orlovskaia K, Andreev V. The use of ocular drug films of propolis in the sequelae of ophtalmic herpes.
Voen Med Zh 1995;(12):36-39,80.
Koo H, Rosalen P, Cury J, Park Y, Ikegaki M, Sattler A. Effect of Apis mellifera propolis from Brazilian regions on
caries development in desalivated rats. Caries Res 1999;33(5):393-400.
Park Y, Koo M, Abreu J, Ikegaki M, Cury J, Rosalen PL. Antimicrobial activity of propolis on oral microorganisms.
Curr Microbiol 1998;36(1):24-28.
Koo H, Rosalen P, Cury J, Park Y, Bowen W. Effects of compounds found in propolis on Streptococcus mutans growth
and on glucosyltransferase. Antimicrob Agents Chenomether 2002;46(5):1302-9.
Bretz W, Chiego D, Marcucci M, Cunha I, Custodio A, Schneider L. Preliminary report on the effects of propolis on
wound healing in the dental pulp. Z Naturforsch C A J Biosci 1998;53(11-12):1045-1048.
Murray M, Worthington H, Blinkhorn A. A study to investigate the effect of a propolis-containing mouthrinse on the
inhibition of de novo plaque formation. J Clin Periodontol 1997;24(11):796-798.
Crisan I, Zaharia C, Popovici F, Jucu V, Belu O, Dascalu C. Natural propolis extract NIVCRISOL in the treatment
of acute and chronic rhinopharynfitis in children. Rom J Virol 1995;46(3-4):115-133.
Haro A, López-Aliaga I, Lisbona F, Barrionuevo M, Alferez M, Campos M. Beneficial effect of pollen and/or propolis
on the metabolism of iron, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium in rats with nutritional ferropenic anemia. J Agric
Food Chem 2000;48(11):5715-5722.
Lin S, Lin Y, Chen C, Chung C, Hsu S. The hepatoprotective and therapeutic effects of propolis ethanol extract on
chronic alcohol-induced liver injuries. Am J Chin Med 1997;25(3-4):325-332.
Maidana F, Chaillou L. Tipificación de calidad para propóleos en bruto. CEDIA.
Woisky R, Salatino A. Analysis of propolis: some parameters and procedures for chemical quality control. J Apicultur
Res 1998;37(2):99-105.
Maidana F. Influencia de los compuestos fenólicos del propoleos sobre el índice de oxidación. Centro de Investigaciones
Apícolas-CEDIA. Congreso Internacional de Propóleos. Buenos Aires (Argentina), 1 y 2 de Septiembre de
Hansson C, Ezzelarab M, Sterner O. Oxidative activation of the propolis hapten isoprenyl caffeate. Acta Derm
Venereol 1995;75(1):34-36.
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Los artículos que se publican en esta revista están sujetos a los siguientes términos en relación a los derechos patrimoniales o de explotación:
- Los autores/as conservarán sus derechos de autor y garantizarán a la revista el derecho de primera publicación de su obra, la cual se distribuirá con una licencia Creative Commons BY-NC-SA 4.0 que permite a terceros reutilizar la obra siempre que se indique su autor, se cite la fuente original y no se haga un uso comercial de la misma.
- Los autores/as podrán adoptar otros acuerdos de licencia no exclusiva de distribución de la versión de la obra publicada (p. ej.: depositarla en un archivo telemático institucional o publicarla en un volumen monográfico) siempre que se indique la fuente original de su publicación.
- Se permite y recomienda a los autores/as difundir su obra a través de Internet (p. ej.: en repositorios institucionales o en su página web) antes y durante el proceso de envío, lo cual puede producir intercambios interesantes y aumentar las citas de la obra publicada. (Véase El efecto del acceso abierto).
