Fibrosis Quística: tratamiento actual y avances con la nanotecnología
Palabras clave:
fibrosis quística, CTFR, nanopartículas, liposomasResumen
Introducción: Actualmente, los tratamientos existentes para tratar la fibrosis quística (FQ) están diseñadospara controlar sus síntomas, consistentes principalmente en retención de moco e infección crónica.Se propone la vía pulmonar como alternativa para la administración de los fármacos, principalmente antimicrobianos.Sin embargo, su rápido aclaramiento, que conduce a niveles bajos de fármaco e incrementode los regímenes posológicos, así como la aparición de efectos adversos, hacen de la nanotecnologíauna estrategia interesante para esta enfermedad.
Objetivo: estudiar y analizar los diferentes sistemas nanoparticulares existentes para su uso por víapulmonar, concretando en el uso de sistemas lipídicos para el tratamiento de la FQ.
Método: se realizó una búsqueda no sistemática de artículos en diferentes bases de datos, en los últimos 10 años principalmente, siguiendo pautas establecidas de palabras clave.
Resultados: Los progresos que se han conseguido en los últimos años hacen que la FQ pase a ser una enfermedad de adultos. Los tratamientos que se están usando en la actualidad están siendo cada vez más desplazados por otras alternativas, como los sistemas nanoparticulares, siendo idóneos para la administración pulmonar debido a su pequeño tamaño, su liberación sostenida y su elevada biocompatibilidad.Entre éstos, destacan los liposomas por su similitud estructural con el surfactante pulmonar, así comopor su capacidad de destruir las biopelículas bacterianas. La mayoría de las formulaciones encontradas contenían un solo fármaco.
Conclusión: Existen evidencias científicas que indican que la investigación debe dirigirse hacia el desarrollode formulaciones que sean capaces de destruir la biopelícula.
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