What Does “Free Will” Mean?

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30827/trif.34353

Palabras clave:

Libre albedrío, determinismo, intuiciones populares, influencias externas

Resumen

Robert Sapolsky sostiene que el libre albedrío requiere una independencia total frente a influencias incontrolables. Sostenemos que este criterio es excesivamente restrictivo y no se ajusta al uso común del concepto. Para evaluar las intuiciones populares, presentamos a 197 participantes estadounidenses cinco escenarios en los que una persona actuaba bajo influencias externas. En cuatro casos—preferencias, genética, función cerebral y publicidad—la mayoría consideró que la persona tenía libre albedrío. Un quinto escenario, con administración de drogas de obediencia, sirvió como control: allí, la mayoría negó la existencia de libre albedrío. Estos resultados indican que, para la mayoría, el libre albedrío es compatible con ciertas influencias externas. La concepción de Sapolsky, por tanto, se aleja del uso habitual. Aunque su definición estricta puede excluir el libre albedrío, nuestros datos apoyan una concepción más moderada y socialmente compartida. Rechazar el libre albedrío exige, primero, demostrar que se emplea la noción común del término.

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Biografía del autor/a

Andrew Vonasch, University of Canterbury

I am a social/personality psychologist studying morality and rationality in people's judgments, decisions, and actions. I also dabble in experimental philosophy. I use multiple methods including in-person lab experiments, online vignette-based experiments, field experiments, and (less commonly) non-experimental analyses of big data. I am a proponent of transparency in science, and high quality methods consistent with the open science movement. If I had to summarize my research worldview in a sentence: People are social animals, and that shapes our thoughts so that we're on the lookout for opportunities to collaborate with others, but vigilant in testing that they're good people with good motives, and eager to show others (at least those who we want to collaborate with) that we are good people with good motives who will be good to collaborate with.

 

Currently, most of my research focuses on variations of this question:

How do people read other people's intentions and motives, particularly when they do something costly to themselves, or morally wrong (or laudable) in the eyes of the observer?

 

Other topics of interest include:

How much are people willing to sacrifice to protect their reputation, and why?

What do people mean when they say they believe (or don't believe) in free will?

How much do people believe in free speech, and what leads them to support (or oppose) censorship of other people and their views?

How self-serving are people's beliefs about their own personalities and abilities?

How willing are people to support killing innocent civilians as collateral damage in war, and what psychological processes lead them to make that decision?

Why do people do outrageous things that burn bridges with reasonable people?

Why don't people who disagree about politics get along?

Scott Danielson, Lincoln University

I am a social psychologist interested in how people can flourish in their communities. My research focuses on how morality can bind people together or drive them apart and how features of our communities such as population density impact our ethical behaviour towards others. This work aims to find where human cooperation goes right and where it goes wrong to build more harmony in our communities and daily lives. Currently I am exploring how tourism experience shape virtues like wisdom in the long term.

Citas

Mele, A. R. (2014). Free Will and Substance Dualism: The Real Scientific Threat to Free Will? In W. Sinnott-Armstrong (Ed.), Moral Psychology, Volume 4: Free Will and Moral Responsibility (pp. 195-207). MIT Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262026680.003.0006

Sapolsky, R. (2023). Determined. New York: Penguin.

Vonasch, A. J., Baumeister, R. F., & Mele, A. R. (2018). Ordinary People Think Free Will Is a Lack of Constraint, Not the Presence of a Soul. Consciousness and Cognition, 60, 133-151. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2018.03.002

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Publicado

2025-07-30

Cómo citar

Vonasch, A., Scott Danielson, & Mele, A. (2025). What Does “Free Will” Mean?. Teorema. Revista Internacional De Filosofía, 44(1). https://doi.org/10.30827/trif.34353

Número

Sección

Simposio de libro: Determined, de R. Sapolsky