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El objetivo del presente estudio ha sido identificar diferentes grupos de estudiantes, con perfiles homogéneos, para las distintas dimensiones que componen el autoconcepto físico, y establecer diferencias en relación a la insatisfacción corporal, índice de masa corporal, y actividad física. Un total de 303 adolescentes, masculinos (150) y femeninos (152), con edades comprendidas entre los 10-13 años (M = 11.74) pertenecientes a diferentes centros de Educación Primaria participaron en el estudio. Se empleó el cuestionario PSPP para la valoración del autoconcepto físico, las figuras de Stunkard para la satisfacción corporal, el IMC, y el cuestionario PAQ-A para la valoración de la actividad física. Se realizaron estadísticosdescriptivos, correlaciones de bivariadas, analisis de cluster, y ANOVA de un factor para establecer diferencias entre las variables. Los resultados mostraron el establecimiento de 4 perfiles distintos en relación a las distintas dimensiones del autoconcepto físico. Asimismo, se mostraron diferencias significativas entre el IMC, la actividad física, y la satisfacción corporal entre los perfiles derivados del autoconcepto. A modo de conclusión se establecen 4 perfiles distintos respecto las dimensiones del autoconcepto físico entre las cuales existen diferencias en torno al IMC, niveles de AF, y satisfacción corporal.
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Referencias
- Babic, M. J., Smith, J. J., Morgan, P. J., Lonsdale, C., Plotnikoff, R. C., Eather, N., … Lubans, D. R. (2016). Intervention to reduce recreational screen-time in adolescents: Outcomes and mediators from the ‘Switch-Off 4 Healthy Minds’ (S4HM) cluster randomized controlled trial. Preventive Medicine, 91, 50-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.07.014
- Cerin, E., Sit, C. H., Wong, S. H., Huang, Y. J., Gao, G. Y., Lai, P. C., … Barnett, A. (2019). Relative contribution and interactive effects of psychological, social, and environmental correlates of physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and dietary behaviours in Hong Kong adolescents. Hong Kong medical journal. www.hkmj.org
- De Meester, A., Maes, J., Stodden, D., Cardon, G., Goodway, J., Lenoir, M., & Haerens, L. (2016). Identifying profiles of actual and perceived motor competence among adolescents: associations with motivation, physical activity, and sports participation. Journal of Sports Sciences, 34(21), 2027-2037. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2016.1149608
- Fedewa, A. L., Toland, M. D., Usher, E. L., & Li, C. R. (2016). Elementary school students’ health-related self-beliefs. International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education, 9(1), 151-166. www.iejee.com
- Fernández-Bustos, J. G., Infantes-Paniagua, Á., Cuevas, R., & Contreras, O. R. (2019). Effect of physical activity on self-concept: Theoretical model on the mediation of body image and physical self-concept in adolescents. Frontiers in Psychology, 10(JULY). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01537
- Flanagan, E. W., & Perry, A. C. (2018). Perception of physical fitness and exercise self-efficacy and its contribution to the relationship between body dissatisfaction and physical fitness in female minority children. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15061187
- Fox, K. (1989). The physical self-perception profile: Development and preliminary validation. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 11, 408-430. http://psycnet.apa.org/psycinfo/1990-11267-001
- Gargallo López, B., Esteban, G., Peris, S., Ros, R., & Carbonell, S. (2009). La influencia del autoconcepto en el rendimiento académico en estudiantes universitarios. Revista Española de Orientación y Psicopedagogía, 20(1), 16-28. http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=338230781003
- Guijarro-Romero, S., Mayorga-Vega, D., Viciana, J., Casado-Robles, C., Gråstén, A., & Jaakkola, T. (2020). Students’ physical activity intensity and sedentary behaviour by physical self-concept profiles: A latent profile analysis. [Intensidad de la actividad física y comportamiento sedentario de los estudiantes por perfiles de autoconcepto físico: Un análisis . RICYDE. Revista internacional de ciencias del deporte, 16(59), 85-101. https://doi.org/10.5232/ricyde2020.05907
- Jekauc, D., Wagner, M. O., Herrmann, C., Hegazy, K., & Woll, A. (2017). Does physical self-concept mediate the relationship between motor abilities and physical activity in adolescents and young adults? PLoS ONE, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0168539
- Kowalski, K. C., Crocker, P. R. E., & Donen, R. M. (2004). The Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children ( PAQ-C ) and Adolescents ( PAQ-A ) Manual. University of Saskatchewan. https://doi.org/Accessed on 15 September 2017
- Malina, R. M., Bouchard, C., & Bar-Or, O. (2004). Growth, maturation, and physical activity. Growth, Maturation and Physical Performance.
- Martínez-Monteagudo, M. C., Inglés, C. J., Suriá, R., Lagos, N., Delgado, B., & García-Fernández, J. M. (2019). Emotional intelligence profiles and self-concept in Chilean adolescents. Current Psychology, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-019-00350-6
- Martínez, R. S. (2016). Relationships between self-concept and resilience profiles in young people with disabilities. Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology, 14(3), 450-473. https://doi.org/10.14204/ejrep.40.15150
- Murcia, J., Gimeno, E., Lacárcel, J., & Pérez, L. (2007). Physical self-concept of Spanish schoolchildren: Differences by gender, sport practice and levels of sport involvement. Journal of Education and Human development, 1(2), 1-17.
- Nicholls, J. G. (1984). Achievement motivation: Conceptions of ability, subjective experience, task choice, and performance. Psychological Review, 91(3), 328-346. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.91.3.328
- Ramos-Díaz, E., Rodríguez-Fernández, A., & Antonio-Agirre, I. (2017). El autoconcepto y el bienestar subjetivo en función del sexo y del nivel educativo en la adolescencia. Psicologia Educativa, 23(2), 89-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pse.2017.05.005
- Rubeli, B., Oswald, E., Conzelmann, A., Schmid, J., Valkanover, S., & Schmidt, M. (2020). Promoting schoolchildren’s self-esteem in physical education: testing the effectiveness of a five-month teacher training. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2020.1712348
- Sánchez-Miguel, P. A., González, J. J. P., Sánchez-Oliva, D., Alonso, D. A., & Leo, F. M. (2018). The importance of body satisfaction to physical self-concept and body mass index in Spanish adolescents. International Journal of Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12488
- Sousa‐Sá, E., Zhang, Z., Pereira, J. R., Wright, I. M., Okely, A. D., & Santos, R. (2020). Systematic review on retinal microvasculature, physical activity, sedentary behaviour and adiposity in children and adolescents. Acta Paediatrica. https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.15204
- Steiger, A. E., Allemand, M., Robins, R. W., & Fend, H. A. (2014). Low and decreasing self-esteem during adolescence predict adult depression two decades later. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 106(2), 325-338. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035133
- Stice, E., & Shaw, H. E. (2002). Role of body dissatisfaction in the onset and maintenance of eating pathology: A synthesis of research findings. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 53(5), 985-993. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3999(02)00488-9
- Stunkard, A. J., Sørensen, T., & Schulsinger, F. (1983). Use of the Danish Adoption Register for the study of obesity and thinness. Research publications - Association for Research in Nervous and Mental Disease, 60, 115-120.
- Üstündağ, S., & Özcan, G. (2018). Effect of Educational Games on Self-concept Levels of Inclusive Students Studying in Secondary Schools. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 6(10), 183. https://doi.org/10.11114/jets.v6i10.3365
- Verloigne, M., Loyen, A., Van Hecke, L., Lakerveld, J., Hendriksen, I., De Bourdheaudhuij, I., … van der Ploeg, H. P. (2016). Variation in population levels of sedentary time in European children and adolescents according to cross-European studies: A systematic literature review within DEDIPAC. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. BioMed Central Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-016-0395-5
Referencias
Babic, M. J., Smith, J. J., Morgan, P. J., Lonsdale, C., Plotnikoff, R. C., Eather, N., … Lubans, D. R. (2016). Intervention to reduce recreational screen-time in adolescents: Outcomes and mediators from the ‘Switch-Off 4 Healthy Minds’ (S4HM) cluster randomized controlled trial. Preventive Medicine, 91, 50-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.07.014
Cerin, E., Sit, C. H., Wong, S. H., Huang, Y. J., Gao, G. Y., Lai, P. C., … Barnett, A. (2019). Relative contribution and interactive effects of psychological, social, and environmental correlates of physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and dietary behaviours in Hong Kong adolescents. Hong Kong medical journal. www.hkmj.org
De Meester, A., Maes, J., Stodden, D., Cardon, G., Goodway, J., Lenoir, M., & Haerens, L. (2016). Identifying profiles of actual and perceived motor competence among adolescents: associations with motivation, physical activity, and sports participation. Journal of Sports Sciences, 34(21), 2027-2037. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2016.1149608
Fedewa, A. L., Toland, M. D., Usher, E. L., & Li, C. R. (2016). Elementary school students’ health-related self-beliefs. International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education, 9(1), 151-166. www.iejee.com
Fernández-Bustos, J. G., Infantes-Paniagua, Á., Cuevas, R., & Contreras, O. R. (2019). Effect of physical activity on self-concept: Theoretical model on the mediation of body image and physical self-concept in adolescents. Frontiers in Psychology, 10(JULY). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01537
Flanagan, E. W., & Perry, A. C. (2018). Perception of physical fitness and exercise self-efficacy and its contribution to the relationship between body dissatisfaction and physical fitness in female minority children. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15061187
Fox, K. (1989). The physical self-perception profile: Development and preliminary validation. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 11, 408-430. http://psycnet.apa.org/psycinfo/1990-11267-001
Gargallo López, B., Esteban, G., Peris, S., Ros, R., & Carbonell, S. (2009). La influencia del autoconcepto en el rendimiento académico en estudiantes universitarios. Revista Española de Orientación y Psicopedagogía, 20(1), 16-28. http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=338230781003
Guijarro-Romero, S., Mayorga-Vega, D., Viciana, J., Casado-Robles, C., Gråstén, A., & Jaakkola, T. (2020). Students’ physical activity intensity and sedentary behaviour by physical self-concept profiles: A latent profile analysis. [Intensidad de la actividad física y comportamiento sedentario de los estudiantes por perfiles de autoconcepto físico: Un análisis . RICYDE. Revista internacional de ciencias del deporte, 16(59), 85-101. https://doi.org/10.5232/ricyde2020.05907
Jekauc, D., Wagner, M. O., Herrmann, C., Hegazy, K., & Woll, A. (2017). Does physical self-concept mediate the relationship between motor abilities and physical activity in adolescents and young adults? PLoS ONE, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0168539
Kowalski, K. C., Crocker, P. R. E., & Donen, R. M. (2004). The Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children ( PAQ-C ) and Adolescents ( PAQ-A ) Manual. University of Saskatchewan. https://doi.org/Accessed on 15 September 2017
Malina, R. M., Bouchard, C., & Bar-Or, O. (2004). Growth, maturation, and physical activity. Growth, Maturation and Physical Performance.
Martínez-Monteagudo, M. C., Inglés, C. J., Suriá, R., Lagos, N., Delgado, B., & García-Fernández, J. M. (2019). Emotional intelligence profiles and self-concept in Chilean adolescents. Current Psychology, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-019-00350-6
Martínez, R. S. (2016). Relationships between self-concept and resilience profiles in young people with disabilities. Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology, 14(3), 450-473. https://doi.org/10.14204/ejrep.40.15150
Murcia, J., Gimeno, E., Lacárcel, J., & Pérez, L. (2007). Physical self-concept of Spanish schoolchildren: Differences by gender, sport practice and levels of sport involvement. Journal of Education and Human development, 1(2), 1-17.
Nicholls, J. G. (1984). Achievement motivation: Conceptions of ability, subjective experience, task choice, and performance. Psychological Review, 91(3), 328-346. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.91.3.328
Ramos-Díaz, E., Rodríguez-Fernández, A., & Antonio-Agirre, I. (2017). El autoconcepto y el bienestar subjetivo en función del sexo y del nivel educativo en la adolescencia. Psicologia Educativa, 23(2), 89-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pse.2017.05.005
Rubeli, B., Oswald, E., Conzelmann, A., Schmid, J., Valkanover, S., & Schmidt, M. (2020). Promoting schoolchildren’s self-esteem in physical education: testing the effectiveness of a five-month teacher training. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2020.1712348
Sánchez-Miguel, P. A., González, J. J. P., Sánchez-Oliva, D., Alonso, D. A., & Leo, F. M. (2018). The importance of body satisfaction to physical self-concept and body mass index in Spanish adolescents. International Journal of Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12488
Sousa‐Sá, E., Zhang, Z., Pereira, J. R., Wright, I. M., Okely, A. D., & Santos, R. (2020). Systematic review on retinal microvasculature, physical activity, sedentary behaviour and adiposity in children and adolescents. Acta Paediatrica. https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.15204
Steiger, A. E., Allemand, M., Robins, R. W., & Fend, H. A. (2014). Low and decreasing self-esteem during adolescence predict adult depression two decades later. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 106(2), 325-338. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035133
Stice, E., & Shaw, H. E. (2002). Role of body dissatisfaction in the onset and maintenance of eating pathology: A synthesis of research findings. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 53(5), 985-993. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3999(02)00488-9
Stunkard, A. J., Sørensen, T., & Schulsinger, F. (1983). Use of the Danish Adoption Register for the study of obesity and thinness. Research publications - Association for Research in Nervous and Mental Disease, 60, 115-120.
Üstündağ, S., & Özcan, G. (2018). Effect of Educational Games on Self-concept Levels of Inclusive Students Studying in Secondary Schools. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 6(10), 183. https://doi.org/10.11114/jets.v6i10.3365
Verloigne, M., Loyen, A., Van Hecke, L., Lakerveld, J., Hendriksen, I., De Bourdheaudhuij, I., … van der Ploeg, H. P. (2016). Variation in population levels of sedentary time in European children and adolescents according to cross-European studies: A systematic literature review within DEDIPAC. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. BioMed Central Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-016-0395-5