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Resumen
Los aprendizajes informales están cobrando relevancia para la adquisición de habilidades valiosas profesionalmente. En este sentido, las TIC, en general, y la construcción de un entorno personal de aprendizaje (PLE), en particular, se convierten en aliados favorables a tal fin. Sobre todo, han resultado claves en la situación de pandemia que ha obligado al cierre de las instituciones de educación formal en todo el planeta. El presente estudio tiene el objetivo de analizar qué herramientas utilizan los estudiantes para buscar información, crear contenido y compartir e interactuar en los ambientes informales. La metodología responde a un enfoque cuantitativo, bajo un diseño no experimental y transaccional. Se aplica un cuestionario a una muestra probabilística estratificada (n=1187) compuesta por estudiantes universitarios de las diferentes carreras de la Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica). Los principales hallazgos apuntan a que la búsqueda y gestión de información, junto con las herramientas para compartir e interactuar, son los componentes que emplean un mayor número de recursos digitales, siendo utilizadas las TIC en menor medida en las actividades relativas a la creación de contenido. Se han detectado diferencias entre grupos en cuanto al uso de herramientas en función de las variables sexo, edad y área de estudio. Se recomienda, por tanto, que las universidades implanten nuevas metodologías e impulsen estrategias más eficaces que permitan concienciar acerca de la relevancia del aprendizaje con tecnología, así como reconocer los aportes de los aprendizajes informales complementarios a la educación formal. La combinación de ambos aspectos facilitará el aprendizaje continuo y permanente para la adquisición de habilidades profesionales, sobre todo en el marco de las limitaciones y exigencias derivadas de la situación de pandemia mundial provocada por el COVID-19.
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Detalles del artículo
Referencias
- Ali, W. (2020). Online and remote learning in higher education institutes: A necessity in light of COVID-19 pandemic. Higher Education Studies, 10(3), 16-25. https://doi.org/10.5539/hes.v10n3p16
- Alves, C., & Ferreira, C. (2016). Social media and informal learning of Higher Education Students. Acción Pedagógica, 25(1), 6-20. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=6224935
- Andreatos, A. (2007). Virtual Communities and their Importance for Informal Learning. International Journal of Computers, Communications & Control, 2(1), 39-47. https://doi.org/10.15837/ijccc.2007.1.2335
- Anzano-Oto, S., Vázquez-Toledo, S., Liesa-Orús, M., & Latorre-Cosculluela, C. (2020). Future teachers and social networks: use and implications. Avances en Supervisión Educativa, 33, 1-25. https://doi.org/10.23824/ase.v0i33.670
- Aoki, K. (2020). Technologies for Lifelong and Lifewide Learning and Recognition: A Vision for the Future. En S. Yu, M. Ally, & A. Tsinakos (Eds.). Emerging Technologies and Pedagogies in the Curriculum. Bridging Human and Machine: Future Education with Intelligence (pp. 41-52). Singapore: Springer.
- Arnal, J., Del Rincón, D., & Latorre, A. (1992). Investigación educativa: fundamentos y metodología. Barcelona: Labor.
- Casillas M. A., & Ramírez, A. (2019). Digital culture and institutional change in universities. Revista de la Educación Superior, 48(191), 97-111. http://www.scielo.org.mx/pdf/resu/v48n191/0185-2760-resu-48-191-97.pdf
- Castañeda, L., & Adell, J. (2013). Entornos Personales de Aprendizaje: claves para el ecosistema educativo en red. Alcoy: Marfil.
- Castañeda, L., Tur, G., & Torres-Kompen, R. (2019). The PLE and its impact on the educational literature: the last decade. RIED. Revista Iberoamericana de Educación a Distancia, 22(1), 221-241. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/ried.22.1.22079
- Dabbagh, N., & Castañeda, L. (2020). The PLE as a framework for developing agency in lifelong learning. Education Tech Research, 68, 3041–3055. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-020-09831-z
- Dai, H. M., Teo, T., Rappa, N. A., & Huang, F. (2020). Explaining Chinese university students’ continuance learning intention in the MOOC setting: A modified expectation confirmation model perspective. Computers & Education, 150, 103850. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2020.103850
- Gallego-Arrufat, M. J., & Chaves-Barboza, E. (2014). Trends in educational studies on personal learning environments (PLE). Edutec. Revista Electrónica de Tecnología Educativa, 49, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.21556/edutec.2014.49.89
- García-Martínez, J. A., Fallas-Vargas, M. A., & Gamboa-Jiménez, A. (2016). Development of Personal Learning Environment: assessment of an experience with university students. Summa Psicológica UST, 13(2), 83-94. http://doi.org/10.18774/
- García-Martínez, J. A., & González-Sanmamed, M. (2017). Personal Learning Environments of Costa Rican Education Students: Analysis of Information Search Tools. Revista de Investigación Educativa, 35(2), 389-407. https://doi.org/10.6018/rie.35.2.253101
- García-Martínez, J. A., & González-Sanmamed, M. (2019). How do Costa Rican education students generate and manage content: a contribution to the study of their personal learning environment. Digital Education Review. 36, 15-35. https://revistes.ub.edu/index.php/der/article/view/22274
- García-Martínez, J. A., & González-Sanmamed, M. (2020). Communication and Interaction as Key Aspects of Personal Learning Environments: Perspectives of Costa Rican Education Students. Revista Electrónica Educare, 24(3), 1-20. http://doi.org/10.15359/ree.24-3.5
- García-Martínez, J. A., Rosa-Napal, F. C., Romero-Tabeayo, I., López-Calvo, S., & Fuentes-Abeledo, E. J. (2020). Digital Tools and Personal Learning Environments: An Analysis in Higher Education. Sustainability. 12 (19), 8180. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12198180
- Gerards, R., De Grip, A., & Weustink, A. (2020). Do new ways of working increase informal learning at work? Personnel Review, 10, 1-41. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-10-2019-0549
- González-Sanmamed, M., Sangrà, A., Souto-Seijo, A., & Estévez, I. (2020). Learning ecologies in the digital era: challenges for higher education. Publicaciones, 50(1), 83–102. https://doi.org10.30827/publicaciones.v50i1.15671
- González-Sanmamed, M., Souto-Seijo, A., González, I., & Estévez, I. (2019). Aprendizaje informal y desarrollo profesional: análisis de las ecologías de aprendizaje del profesorado de educación infantil. Edutec. Revista Electrónica De Tecnología Educativa, 68, 70-81. https://doi.org/10.21556/edutec.2019.68.1305
- Hernández, R., Fernández, C., & Baptista, P. (2014). Metodología de la investigación. México: Mc Graw Hill.
- Jerez-Naranjo, Y. V., & Barroso-Osuna, J. (2020). Identification of the components of the Personal Learning Environment of engineering students. Edmetic 9(2), 202-221. https://doi.org/10.21071/edmetic.v9i2.12602
- Jung, I., & Lee, J. (2020). The effects of learner factors on MOOC learning outcomes and their pathways. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 57(5), 565-576. https://doi.org/10.1080/14703297.2019.1628800
- Leiva-Núñez, J. P., Cabero-Almenara, J., & Ugalde-Meza, L. (2018). Personal learning environments (PLE) in university students of pedagogy. Revista Latinoamericana de Tecnología Educativa, 17(1), 25-39. http://dx.medra.org/10.17398/1695-288X.17.1.25
- López, P., González, V., Aguiar, M., & Artiles-Rodríguez, J. (2017). Management information in personal learning environments: exploratory study in final undergraduate students. Revista Complutense de Educación, 28(4), 35-52. https://doi.org/10.5209/RCED.51849
- Martínez-López, R., Yot-Domínguez, C., & Trigo, M. E. (2020). Analysis of the internet use and students’ Web 2.0 digital competence in a Russian university. International Journal of Technology Enhanced Learning, 12(3), 316-342. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTEL.2020.107986
- Muñoz-Carril, P. C., González-Sanmamed, M., & Fuentes-Abeledo, E. (2020). Use of blogs for prospective early childhood teachers. Educación XX1: Revista de la Facultad de Educación, 23(1), 247-273. https://doi.org/10.5944/educXX1.23768
- Ñáñez-Rodríguez, J. J., Solano-Guerrero, J. C., & Bernal-Castillo, E. (2019). Digital environments of learning in distance education for the initial education of teachers: perceptions about their relevance. Revista de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, 10(1), 107-119. https://doi.org/10.19053/20278306.v10.n1.2019.10015
- Ordaz, T., & González-Martínez, J. (2020). Hacia una visión aglutinadora del concepto de PLE. Universitas Tarraconensis. Revista de Ciències de l’Educació, 2, 21-37. https://doi.org/10.17345/ute.2020.2
- Prensky, M. (2001). Digital Natives, Digital Immigrants Part 1. On the Horizon. 9(5), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1108/10748120110424816
- Rocha, F. J., Padilla, B. C., & Aguado, J. C. (2020). Age differences in the acceptance of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs). Edutec, Revista Electrónica De Tecnología Educativa, 71, 53-66. https://doi.org/10.21556/edutec.2020.71.1341
- Sahin, S., & Uluyol, Ç. (2016). Preservice teachers’ perception and use of personal learning environments (PLEs). The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 17(2), 141-161. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v17i2.2284
- Salinas, J. (2020). Education in Times of Pandemic: digital technologies for the improvement of educational processes. Innovaciones Educativas, 22, 17-21. https://doi.org/10.22458/ie.v22iEspecial.3173
- Sánchez, M., Kaplan, M., & Bradley, L. (2015). Using technology to connect generations: Some considerations of form and function. Comunicar, 45(23), 95-104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3916/C45-2015-10
- Sangrá, A. (2020). Educational transformation time. Innovaciones Educativas, 22, 22-27. https://doi.org/10.22458/ie.v22iespecial.3249
- Sangrá, A., & Wheeler, S. (2013). New Informal Ways of Learning: Or Are We Formalising the Informal? Revista de Universidad y Sociedad del Conocimiento (RUSC), 10, 107-115. http://dx.doi.org/10.7238/rusc.v10i1.1689
- Sciumbata, F. (2020). Students of humanities and digital skills: a survey on Italian university students. Umanistica Digitale, 4(8), 7-27. https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.2532-8816/9877
- Siemens, G. (2004). Elearnspace. Connectivism: A learning theory for the digital age. Elearnspace.org. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.1089.2000&rep=rep1&type=pdf
- Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2001). Using multivariate statistics (4th ed.). New York: HarperCollins.
- Tirado, P., & Roque, M. P. (2019). ICT and educational contexts: frequency of use and function of university students. Edutec. Revista Electrónica De Tecnología Educativa, 67, 17-21. https://doi.org/10.21556/edutec.2019.67.1135
- Vázquez-Cano, E., León-Urrutia, M., Parra-González, M. E., & López-Meneses, E. (2020). Analysis of Interpersonal Competences in the Use of ICT in the Spanish University Context. Sustainability,12(2), 476. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12020476
- Vicent, P. L., Calatayud, V. G., Perera, M. V. A., & Rodríguez, J. A. (2017). Management information in personal learning environments: exploratory study in final undergraduate students. Revista Complutense de Educación, 28(4), 1303-1320. https://doi.org/10.5209/RCED.51849
- Yen, C. J., Tu, C. H., Sujo-Montes, L. E., Harati, H., & Rodas, C. R. (2019). Using personal learning environment (PLE) management to support digital lifelong learning. International Journal of Online Pedagogy and Course Design (IJOPCD), 9(3), 13-31. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJOPCD.2019070102
Referencias
Ali, W. (2020). Online and remote learning in higher education institutes: A necessity in light of COVID-19 pandemic. Higher Education Studies, 10(3), 16-25. https://doi.org/10.5539/hes.v10n3p16
Alves, C., & Ferreira, C. (2016). Social media and informal learning of Higher Education Students. Acción Pedagógica, 25(1), 6-20. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=6224935
Andreatos, A. (2007). Virtual Communities and their Importance for Informal Learning. International Journal of Computers, Communications & Control, 2(1), 39-47. https://doi.org/10.15837/ijccc.2007.1.2335
Anzano-Oto, S., Vázquez-Toledo, S., Liesa-Orús, M., & Latorre-Cosculluela, C. (2020). Future teachers and social networks: use and implications. Avances en Supervisión Educativa, 33, 1-25. https://doi.org/10.23824/ase.v0i33.670
Aoki, K. (2020). Technologies for Lifelong and Lifewide Learning and Recognition: A Vision for the Future. En S. Yu, M. Ally, & A. Tsinakos (Eds.). Emerging Technologies and Pedagogies in the Curriculum. Bridging Human and Machine: Future Education with Intelligence (pp. 41-52). Singapore: Springer.
Arnal, J., Del Rincón, D., & Latorre, A. (1992). Investigación educativa: fundamentos y metodología. Barcelona: Labor.
Casillas M. A., & Ramírez, A. (2019). Digital culture and institutional change in universities. Revista de la Educación Superior, 48(191), 97-111. http://www.scielo.org.mx/pdf/resu/v48n191/0185-2760-resu-48-191-97.pdf
Castañeda, L., & Adell, J. (2013). Entornos Personales de Aprendizaje: claves para el ecosistema educativo en red. Alcoy: Marfil.
Castañeda, L., Tur, G., & Torres-Kompen, R. (2019). The PLE and its impact on the educational literature: the last decade. RIED. Revista Iberoamericana de Educación a Distancia, 22(1), 221-241. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/ried.22.1.22079
Dabbagh, N., & Castañeda, L. (2020). The PLE as a framework for developing agency in lifelong learning. Education Tech Research, 68, 3041–3055. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-020-09831-z
Dai, H. M., Teo, T., Rappa, N. A., & Huang, F. (2020). Explaining Chinese university students’ continuance learning intention in the MOOC setting: A modified expectation confirmation model perspective. Computers & Education, 150, 103850. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2020.103850
Gallego-Arrufat, M. J., & Chaves-Barboza, E. (2014). Trends in educational studies on personal learning environments (PLE). Edutec. Revista Electrónica de Tecnología Educativa, 49, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.21556/edutec.2014.49.89
García-Martínez, J. A., Fallas-Vargas, M. A., & Gamboa-Jiménez, A. (2016). Development of Personal Learning Environment: assessment of an experience with university students. Summa Psicológica UST, 13(2), 83-94. http://doi.org/10.18774/
García-Martínez, J. A., & González-Sanmamed, M. (2017). Personal Learning Environments of Costa Rican Education Students: Analysis of Information Search Tools. Revista de Investigación Educativa, 35(2), 389-407. https://doi.org/10.6018/rie.35.2.253101
García-Martínez, J. A., & González-Sanmamed, M. (2019). How do Costa Rican education students generate and manage content: a contribution to the study of their personal learning environment. Digital Education Review. 36, 15-35. https://revistes.ub.edu/index.php/der/article/view/22274
García-Martínez, J. A., & González-Sanmamed, M. (2020). Communication and Interaction as Key Aspects of Personal Learning Environments: Perspectives of Costa Rican Education Students. Revista Electrónica Educare, 24(3), 1-20. http://doi.org/10.15359/ree.24-3.5
García-Martínez, J. A., Rosa-Napal, F. C., Romero-Tabeayo, I., López-Calvo, S., & Fuentes-Abeledo, E. J. (2020). Digital Tools and Personal Learning Environments: An Analysis in Higher Education. Sustainability. 12 (19), 8180. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12198180
Gerards, R., De Grip, A., & Weustink, A. (2020). Do new ways of working increase informal learning at work? Personnel Review, 10, 1-41. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-10-2019-0549
González-Sanmamed, M., Sangrà, A., Souto-Seijo, A., & Estévez, I. (2020). Learning ecologies in the digital era: challenges for higher education. Publicaciones, 50(1), 83–102. https://doi.org10.30827/publicaciones.v50i1.15671
González-Sanmamed, M., Souto-Seijo, A., González, I., & Estévez, I. (2019). Aprendizaje informal y desarrollo profesional: análisis de las ecologías de aprendizaje del profesorado de educación infantil. Edutec. Revista Electrónica De Tecnología Educativa, 68, 70-81. https://doi.org/10.21556/edutec.2019.68.1305
Hernández, R., Fernández, C., & Baptista, P. (2014). Metodología de la investigación. México: Mc Graw Hill.
Jerez-Naranjo, Y. V., & Barroso-Osuna, J. (2020). Identification of the components of the Personal Learning Environment of engineering students. Edmetic 9(2), 202-221. https://doi.org/10.21071/edmetic.v9i2.12602
Jung, I., & Lee, J. (2020). The effects of learner factors on MOOC learning outcomes and their pathways. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 57(5), 565-576. https://doi.org/10.1080/14703297.2019.1628800
Leiva-Núñez, J. P., Cabero-Almenara, J., & Ugalde-Meza, L. (2018). Personal learning environments (PLE) in university students of pedagogy. Revista Latinoamericana de Tecnología Educativa, 17(1), 25-39. http://dx.medra.org/10.17398/1695-288X.17.1.25
López, P., González, V., Aguiar, M., & Artiles-Rodríguez, J. (2017). Management information in personal learning environments: exploratory study in final undergraduate students. Revista Complutense de Educación, 28(4), 35-52. https://doi.org/10.5209/RCED.51849
Martínez-López, R., Yot-Domínguez, C., & Trigo, M. E. (2020). Analysis of the internet use and students’ Web 2.0 digital competence in a Russian university. International Journal of Technology Enhanced Learning, 12(3), 316-342. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTEL.2020.107986
Muñoz-Carril, P. C., González-Sanmamed, M., & Fuentes-Abeledo, E. (2020). Use of blogs for prospective early childhood teachers. Educación XX1: Revista de la Facultad de Educación, 23(1), 247-273. https://doi.org/10.5944/educXX1.23768
Ñáñez-Rodríguez, J. J., Solano-Guerrero, J. C., & Bernal-Castillo, E. (2019). Digital environments of learning in distance education for the initial education of teachers: perceptions about their relevance. Revista de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, 10(1), 107-119. https://doi.org/10.19053/20278306.v10.n1.2019.10015
Ordaz, T., & González-Martínez, J. (2020). Hacia una visión aglutinadora del concepto de PLE. Universitas Tarraconensis. Revista de Ciències de l’Educació, 2, 21-37. https://doi.org/10.17345/ute.2020.2
Prensky, M. (2001). Digital Natives, Digital Immigrants Part 1. On the Horizon. 9(5), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1108/10748120110424816
Rocha, F. J., Padilla, B. C., & Aguado, J. C. (2020). Age differences in the acceptance of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs). Edutec, Revista Electrónica De Tecnología Educativa, 71, 53-66. https://doi.org/10.21556/edutec.2020.71.1341
Sahin, S., & Uluyol, Ç. (2016). Preservice teachers’ perception and use of personal learning environments (PLEs). The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 17(2), 141-161. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v17i2.2284
Salinas, J. (2020). Education in Times of Pandemic: digital technologies for the improvement of educational processes. Innovaciones Educativas, 22, 17-21. https://doi.org/10.22458/ie.v22iEspecial.3173
Sánchez, M., Kaplan, M., & Bradley, L. (2015). Using technology to connect generations: Some considerations of form and function. Comunicar, 45(23), 95-104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3916/C45-2015-10
Sangrá, A. (2020). Educational transformation time. Innovaciones Educativas, 22, 22-27. https://doi.org/10.22458/ie.v22iespecial.3249
Sangrá, A., & Wheeler, S. (2013). New Informal Ways of Learning: Or Are We Formalising the Informal? Revista de Universidad y Sociedad del Conocimiento (RUSC), 10, 107-115. http://dx.doi.org/10.7238/rusc.v10i1.1689
Sciumbata, F. (2020). Students of humanities and digital skills: a survey on Italian university students. Umanistica Digitale, 4(8), 7-27. https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.2532-8816/9877
Siemens, G. (2004). Elearnspace. Connectivism: A learning theory for the digital age. Elearnspace.org. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.1089.2000&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2001). Using multivariate statistics (4th ed.). New York: HarperCollins.
Tirado, P., & Roque, M. P. (2019). ICT and educational contexts: frequency of use and function of university students. Edutec. Revista Electrónica De Tecnología Educativa, 67, 17-21. https://doi.org/10.21556/edutec.2019.67.1135
Vázquez-Cano, E., León-Urrutia, M., Parra-González, M. E., & López-Meneses, E. (2020). Analysis of Interpersonal Competences in the Use of ICT in the Spanish University Context. Sustainability,12(2), 476. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12020476
Vicent, P. L., Calatayud, V. G., Perera, M. V. A., & Rodríguez, J. A. (2017). Management information in personal learning environments: exploratory study in final undergraduate students. Revista Complutense de Educación, 28(4), 1303-1320. https://doi.org/10.5209/RCED.51849
Yen, C. J., Tu, C. H., Sujo-Montes, L. E., Harati, H., & Rodas, C. R. (2019). Using personal learning environment (PLE) management to support digital lifelong learning. International Journal of Online Pedagogy and Course Design (IJOPCD), 9(3), 13-31. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJOPCD.2019070102