The temporality of the epidemiological transition in Chile, 1862-2018

Authors

  • Manuel Llorca-Jaña Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez
  • Javier Rivas Universidad de Valparaíso
  • Rodrigo Rivero-Cantillano Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30827/dynamis.v43i2.29449

Keywords:

epidemiologic transition, Chile, causes of death, mortality

Abstract

This article analyzes the nature and temporality of the epidemiological transition (ET) in Chile, paying special attention to the composition of the causes of death in that country from 1862 to 2018. The evidence provided in this article allows us to establish that the ET effectively occurred in Chile under the “contemporary-late” model, to which we could add the adjective “accelerated”. Our results highlight the recentness of the overcoming of the first phase of Chilean TE in comparison to most developed countries, due to the prominence of infectious diseases as the main cause of death until the middle of the 20th century and the acceleration of this process (the short time period between the 1940s and the 1960s). Overcoming the first phase of ET was mainly possible due to the sudden “importation” of international technological advances (sulfonamides and antibiotics in particular) during a period in which there were still no substantial nutritional improvements in the population or major advances in the supply of drinking water or sewage services.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Albala, Cecilia and Vio, Fernando. “Epidemiological transition in Latin America: The case of Chile” Public Health, Issue 6 (1995): 431-442, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0033-3506(95)80048-4

Albalá, Cecilia et al., “The epidemiological transition in Chile.” Revista Médica de Chile 121, no. 12 (1993): 1446-1455.

Albala, Cecilia; Vio, Fernando y Yáñez, Mabel. “Transición Epidemiológica en América Latina: Comparación de Cuatro Países”. Revista Medica de Chile 125, no. 6 (1997): 719-727.

Alessandri, Hernán y Gazmuri, Renato. “Uso clínico de la penicilina.” Revista Médica de Chile, no. LXXII (1944): 813-823.

Alvarez, Jesús-Adrián; Aburto, José Manuel and Canudas-Romo, Vladimir. “Latin American convergence and divergence towards the mortality profiles of developed countries.” Population Studies 74, no.1 (2020): 75-92, https://doi.org/10.1080/00324728.2019.1614651

Behm, Hugo, et al., “Recent Mortality Trends in Chile”, in Vital and Health Statistics, Serie 3, no. 2 United States: National Center for Health Statistics, Department of Health and Welfare, 1964.

Bernabeu-Mestre, Josep, et al., “El análisis histórico de la mortalidad por causas. Problemas y soluciones.” Revista de Demografía Histórica XXI, no. I (2003): 167-193.

Bhalotra, Sonia. et. al., 2021. “Urban Water Disinfection and Mortality Decline in Lower-Income Countries,” American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 13, no. 4 (2021): 490-520.

Bulatao, Rodolfo. “Mortality by cause, 1970-2015”. In The epidemiological transition: policy and planning implications for developing countries, eds. James Gribble and Samuel Preston. Washington (DC): National Academies Press, 1993.

Castillo, Berta y Mardones, Graciela. “Defunciones por causas mal definidas en los servicios de salud en Chile”, Revista Médica de Chile 114, no. 4 (1986).

CEPAL, “La mortalidad en América Latina: una trayectoria auspiciosa pero heterogénea.” Observatorio Demográfico II, no. 4 (2007), 27-45.

Chackiel, Juan y Plaut, Renate. ‘’América Latina: tendencias demográficas con énfasis en la mortalidad.” Notas de Población, No. 60 (1994): 11-46.

Chackiel, Juan. “La investigación sobre causas de muerte en la América Latina.” Notas de población, no. 44 (1987): 9-30.

Chackiel, Juan. La dinámica demográfica en América Latina. Santiago: CELADE, 2004.

Cutler, David and Miller, Grant. “The Role of Public Health Improvements in Health Advances: The Twentieth-Century United States.” Demography 42, no. 1(2005): 1-22.

Deaton, Angus. The Great Escape: health, wealth, and the origins of inequality. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2013.

Díaz, José; Wagner, Gert y Lüders, Rolf. Chile 1810-2010. La República en cifras. Santiago: Ediciones UC 2016.

Floud, Roderic, et al., The Changing Body: Health, Nutrition, and Human Development in the Western World since 1700. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011.

Frenk, Julio, et al., “Health transition in middle-income countries: New challenges for health care,” Health Policy and Planning 4, no. 1 (1989):29-39. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/4.1.29

Frenk, Julio, et al., “La transición epidemiológica en América Latina” Boletín de la Oficina Sanitaria Panamericana (OSP) 111, no. 6 (1991): 485-96, 1991.

Frenk, Julio; Bobadilla, José Luis y Lozano, Rafael “The epidemiological transition in Latin America”, in Adult Mortality in Latin America, eds. Ian Timaeus, Juan Chackicl & Lado Ruzicka, 123-139. Oxford: Claredon Press, 1996.

Gribble, James and Preston, Samuel “Introduction” in The epidemiological transition: policy and planning implications for developing countries, eds. James Gribble and Samuel Preston. Washington (DC): National Academies Press, 1993.

Hakim, Peter and Solimano, Giorgio. Development, Reform and Malnutrition in Chile. Massachusetts: The MIT Press, 1978.

Haynes, Robin. “The geographical distribution of mortality by cause in Chile” Social Science & Medicine 17, no. 6 (1983): 335-364, https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(83)90238-1

Hertel-Fernández, Alexander; Giusti, Alejandro y Sotelo, Juan Manuel. “Disminución de la mortalidad infantil en Chile: ¿quiénes se benefician? Desigualdades socioeconómicas y geográficas en mortalidad infantil, 1990-2005.” Bulletin of the World Health Organization 85, no. 10 (2007): 798-804.

Jaspers, Dirk y Orellana, Hernán. “Evaluación del uso de las estadísticas vitales para estudios de causas de muerte en América Latina.” Notas de Población, no. 60 (1994): 47-77.

Jayachandran, Seema; Lleras-Muney, Adriana and Smith, Kimberly. “Modern medicine and the twentieth century decline in mortality: evidence on the impact of sulfa drugs.” American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 2, no. 2 (2010): 118-46.

Kaempffer, Ana M. y Medina, Ernesto. “Análisis de la mortalidad infantil y factores condicionantes. Chile 1998.” Revista Chilena de Pediatría 71, no. 5 (2000): 405-412, http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0370-41062000000500005

Laval, Enrique. “Maestros de la Medicina Chilena. Hernán Alessandri R.” Anales Chilenos de la Medicina IX-X (1967-1968): 137-146.

Laval, Enrique. “Sobre la transmisión de la tuberculosis y los primeros ensayos del BCG.” Revista chilena de infectología 20 (2003): 51-53, http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0716-10182003020200016

Ledermann, Walter. “Producción de vacunas en el antiguo Instituto Bacteriológico de Chile” Revista Chilena de Infectología, 39 no. 5 (2022): 659-666

Lesch, John E. The First miracle drugs: how the Sulfa drugs Transformed medicine (New York: Oxford University Press, 2007).

Llorca-Jaña, Manuel, et al., “Milk and meat consumption and production in Chile, c.1930-2017: a history of a successful nutrition transition”, Historia Agraria, 82, no.3 (2020): 245-285.

Llorca-Jaña, Manuel, et al., “Height in twentieth-century Chilean men: growth with divergence.” Cliometrica, Journal of Historical Economics and Econometric History 15, no. 1 (2021): 135-166, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11698-020-00205-2

Llorca-Jaña, Manuel, et al., “Mortalidad general e infantil en Chile en el largo plazo, 1909-2017” Revista médica de Chile 149, no. 7 (2021): 1047-1057. https://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0034-98872021000701047

Llorca-Jaña, Manuel. “Malnutrition Rates in Chile from the Nitrate Era to the 1990s.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 24 (2021), https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413112

Llorca-Jaña, Manuel. “The Timing and Nature of the Nutrition Transition in Chile, 1930-2019”. RIVAR (Santiago), 9, no. 26 (2022): 135-156. https://dx.doi.org/10.35588/rivar.v9i26.5534

Luque, Cecilia; Cisternas, Felipe and Araya, Magdalena. “Changes in the patterns of disease after the epidemiological transition in health in Chile, 1950-2003.” Revista Médica de Chile 134, no. 6 (2006): 703-712, http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0034-98872006000600005

Martínez, Jorge. La transición demográfica y las diferencias sociales de la fecundidad y la mortalidad infantil en Chile. Santiago: Ministerio de Planificación y Cooperación, Fondo de Población de las Naciones Unidas, 1988.

McKeown, Thomas. The role of medicine: dream, mirage or nemesis? New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1979.

McKeown, Thomas. The origin of Human Disease. New Jersey: Wiley, 1988.

Medina, Ernesto y Kaempffer, Ana “Tendencias y características de la mortalidad chilena 1970-2003.” Revista Médica de Chile 135, no. 2 (2007): 240-250. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0034-98872007000200014

Mercer, Alex. Infections, Chronic Disease, and the Epidemiological Transition: A New Perspective. New York: University of Rochester Press, 2018.

Milla, Miguel y González, Daniel “Dinámica demográfica de Chile y América Latina: una visión a vuelo de pájaro.” Revista de Sociología, no. 18 (2004): 81-116, https://doi.org/10.5354/0719-529X.2004.27802

Núñez, M. Loreto and Icaza, M. Gloria. “Quality of Mortality statistics in Chile, 1997-2003.” Revista médica de Chile 134, no. 9 (2006): 1191-1196. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0034-98872006000900016

Omran, Abdel R. “The epidemiologic transition theory revisited thirty years later.” World health statistics quarterly 53, no. 2, 3, 4 (1998): 99-119.

Omran, Abdel R. “The Epidemiologic transition: a theory of the epidemiology of population change.” The Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly 49 (1971): 509-538.

Parada, Mirtha y Cecilia Ibarra. “Historia de la producción de penicilina en Chile (1943-1973)” in Historia de los medicamentos. Apropiaciones e invenciones en Chile, Argentina y Perú, eds. Yuri Carvajal y María José Correa, 139-157. Santiago: Escuela de Salud Pública Universidad de Chile, Ocho Libros, 2016.

Parada, Mirtha y Cecilia Ibarra, “Fabricación de vacunas en Chile una historia de producción local poco (re)conocida,” Revista del Instituto Nacional Público de Chile, 1 no. 3 (2018): 21-31.

Romero, Hernán. “Hitos fundamentales de la medicina social en Chile”, Medicina Social en Chile, ed. Jorge Jiménez de la Jara. Santiago: Ediciones Aconcagua, 1977.

Sáez, Camila. “Essays on Economic History and Health”. Ph.D. Diss. University of California Davis, 2021.

Salomon, Joshua and Murray, Christopher. “The epidemiologic transition revisited: compositional models for causes of death by age and sex.” Population and Development Review 28, no. 2 (2002): 205-228.

Santosa, Ailiana et al., “The development and experience of epidemiological transition theory over four decades: a systematic review.” Global Health Action 7, no, 1 (2014), https://doi.org/10.3402/gha.v7.23574

Szot, Jorge. “La transición demográfico-epidemiológica en Chile, 1960-2001.” Revista Española de Salud Pública 77, no. 5 (2003): 605-613.

Taucher, Erica y Jofre, Irma. “Mortalidad infantil en Chile: El gran descenso.” Revista Médica de Chile 125, no. 10 (1997) 1225-35.

Taucher, Erica. “La mortalidad en Chile desde 1955 a 1975: tendencias y causas.” Notas de poblacion 6, no. 18 (1978): 113-142.

Taucher, Erica. Mortalidad infantil en Chile. Tendencias, diferenciales y causas. Santiago: CELADE, 1979.

Taucher, Erica; Albala, Cecilia and lcaza, Gloria. “Adult Mortality from Chronic Discases in Chile, 1968-90.” in Adult Mortality in Latin America, eds. Ian Timaeus, Juan Chackicl & Lado Ruzicka (Oxford: Claredon Press. 1996) 253-275.

Vio, Fernando; Kain, Juliana and Gray, Elizabeth. “Nutritional surveillance: The case of Chile” Nutrition Research 12, no. 3 (1992): 321-335, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0271-5317 (05) 80748-1

World Health Organization. Report of the International Conference for the sixth decennial revision of the international lists of diseases and causes of death. Nations Unies: Organisation Mondiale de la Santé, 1948.

Zuckerman, Molly. “Introduction: Interdisciplinary Approaches to the Second Epidemiologic Transition”, in Modern Environments and Human Health: Revisiting the Second Epidemiologic Transition, ed. Molly Zuckerman. New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell, 2014.

Published

2023-12-27

How to Cite

Llorca-Jaña, M., Rivas, J., & Rivero-Cantillano, R. (2023). The temporality of the epidemiological transition in Chile, 1862-2018. Dynamis, 43(2), 559–603. https://doi.org/10.30827/dynamis.v43i2.29449