Análisis crítico de algunas definiciones comunes del concepto de soft law

Álvaro Núñez Vaquero

doi:10.30827/acfs.v59i.31479

Authors

Álvaro Núñez Vaquero Universidad de Murcia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30827/acfs.v59i.31479

Keywords:

Soft law, Directivos, Normas, Vinculatoriedad, Efectos jurídicos

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to critically analyze the dominant concept of soft law in the literature. To do so, first, I will present some problems related to the attempts of an extensive definition of the term "soft law". Then, I will present the definition of soft law most widely shared by the literature. I will then divide this definition for analysis into three parts: soft law is a set of rules of conduct; soft law is not legally binding; and soft law can produce practical and legal effects (the latter only indirect). I will end with a brief conclusion in which I will reconstruct a concept of soft law on the basis of the criticisms presented above.

Downloads

References

Arroyo Jiménez, L. (2023). Beyond bindingness: a tipology of EU soft law legal effects (9-32). En Lancos, P. et alii (eds.), The Legal Effects of Soft Law (9-32). Cheltenham: Elgar.

Arroyo Jiménez, L. y Rodríguez de Santiago, J.Mª. (2021). In Search of Symmetry Lost: European and Spanish Soft Law before the Spanish Authorities. En Eliantonio, M., Korkea-aho, E. y Ştefan, O. (eds.), EU Soft Law in the Member States Theoretical Findings and Empirical Evidence (pp. 233-246). London: Bloomsbury Publishing.

Atienza, M. y Ruiz Manero, J. (2016). Las piezas del Derecho. Barcelona: Ariel.

Cabrera Carretero, C. (2022). Remisiones a los comentarios al modelo de la OCDE en los convenios españoles. En Ramos Prieto, J., Macarro Osuna, J.M. y Martín Rodríguez, J.M. (eds.) Desafíos fiscales en un mundo post-covid (99-124). Valencia: Tirant Lo Blanch.

Caraza Cristín, A. Mª (2016). La responsabilidad patrimonial de la administración y su relación con los estándares de calidad de los servicios públicos. Madrid: INAP.

Eliantonio, M. (2021). Judicial Review of Soft Law before the European and the National Courts: A Wind of Change Blowing from the Member States? Eliantonio, M., Korkea-aho, E. y Ştefan, O., EU Soft Law in the Member States Theoretical Findings and Empirical Evidence (pp. 283-302). London: Bloomsbury Publishing.

Eliantonio, M. (2021). Judicial Review of Soft Law before the European and National Courts». En Eliantonio, M., Korkea-aho, E. y Ştefan, O., EU Soft Law in the Member States Theoretical Findings and Empirical Evidence (pp. 283-202). London: Bloomsbury Publishing.

Eliantonio, M. y Ştefan, O., (2021). The Elusive Legitimacy of EU Soft Law: An Analysis of Consultation and Participation in the Process of Adopting COVID-19 Soft Law in the EU. European Journal of Risk Regulation. 2021;12(1):159-175. doi:10.1017/err.2020.119.

Ellis, J. (2012). Shades of grey: Soft law and the validity of public international law. Leiden Journal of International Law, 25(2). Citado por https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID2201817_code372702.pdf?abstractid=2201817&mirid=1

Escudero Alday, R. (2012). El concepto de soft law. En Moreso J.J. y Martí J.L. (eds.), Contribuciones a la Filosofía del Derecho. Imperia en Barcelona 2010. Madrid: Marcial Pons.

Galiana Saura, Á., La expansión del derecho flexible y su incidencia en la producción normativa, AFD, 2016 (XXXII).

Garrido Gómez, Mª I. (2017). El soft law como fuente del derecho extranacional. Madrid: Dykinson.

Gentile, G. (2021). ‘Verba Volant, Quoque (Soft Law) Scripta?’: An Analysis of theLegal Effects of National Soft Law Implementing EU Soft Law in France and the UK. En Eliantonio, M., Korkea-aho, E. y Ştefan, O., EU Soft Law in the Member States Theoretical Findings and Empirical Evidence (pp. 77-98). London: Bloomsbury Publishing.

Gometz, G., (2008). Regole tecniche. Una guida refutabile. Pisa: Edizioni ETS.

Hage, J. (2018). What Is Legal Validity? Lessons from Soft Law. En Westerman, P. et alii (eds.), Legal Validity and Soft Law (pp. 19-46). Cham: Springer.

Hofmann, A. (2021). Types of EU Soft Law and Their National Impact. En En Eliantonio, M., Korkea-aho, E. y Ştefan, O. (eds), EU Soft Law in the Member States Theoretical Findings and Empirical Evidence (pp. 39-56). London: Bloomsbury Publishing.

Hubkova, P. (2021). Courts and Soft Law: International and EU Soft Law in the Reasoning of National Courts.

Kelsen, H. (2005). Teoría pura del derecho, Porrúa, México, 2005.

Laporta, F.J. (2014). Gobernanza y soft law. En Ruiz Miguel, A. (ed.), Entre Estado y Cosmópolis. Derecho y justicia en un mundo global. Madrid: Trotta.

MacCormick, N. (2011). Instituciones del Derecho. Madrid: Marcial Pons.

Maher, I. (2021) Revisiting Soft Law: Governance, Regulation and Networks. En En Eliantonio, M., Korkea-aho, E. y Ştefan, O. (eds.), EU Soft Law in the Member States Theoretical Findings and Empirical Evidence (pp. 21-38). London: Bloomsbury Publishing.

Marmor, A. (2011). An Institutional Conception of Authority. Philosophy & Public Affairs, USC Legal Studies Research Paper No. 11-10.

Marmor, A. (2019). Soft Law, Authoritative Advice and Non-binding Agreements. Legal Theory, 0, pp. 1-19

Mazuelos Bellido, A. (2004). Soft law. ¿Mucho ruido y pocas nueces? Revista electrónica de estudios internacionales, 8, 1-40.

McNair, A.L. (1930). The Functions and Differing Legal Character of Treaties. Brit. Y.B. Int'l L. 11, 100, pp. 100-118.

Moreso J.J. y Navarro, P. (1996). Aplicabilidad y eficacia de las normas jurídicas. Isonomía, 5, 119-139.

Moreso, J.J. y Vilajosana J. Mª. (2003). Introducción a la teoría del Derecho. Madrid: Marcial Pons.

Núñez Vaquero, Á. (2017). Regulación de la interpretación. Eunomía, N.º 11, pp. 163-175.

Núñez Vaquero, Á. (2022). Precedentes: una aproximación analítica. Madrid: Marcial Pons.

Núñez Vaquero, Á. (2025). El aspecto institucional del soft law. En Iniesta Delgado, J.J. y Núñez Vaquero, Á. (eds.), Soft law: aspectos teóricos y problemas prácticos. Madrid: Marcial Pons.

Pastore, B. (2014). Soft law y teoría de las fuentes del Derecho. Soft Power, 1 (1), pp. 74-89.

Ródenas, Á. (2017). Principios jurídicos. En González Lagier, D. (ed.) Conceptos básicos del derecho. Madrid: Marcial Pons.

Rosic Fegus, V. (2023). EU soft law: validity, normativity and ‘bindingness’ reviewed. En Eliantonio, M., Korkea-aho, E. y Mörth, U. (eds) Research Handbook on Soft Law (pp. 53-74). Cheltenham: Elgar.

Ross, A. (1978). Direttive e norme. Milano: Comunitá.

Ross, A. (1997). Sobre el derecho y la justicia. Buenos Aires: Eudeba.

Rubio Castro, A. (2014). Los efectos jurídicos del soft law en materia de igualdad efectiva. Anales de la Cátedra Francisco Suárez, XXX, pp. 37-68.

Sarmiento, D. (2008). El soft law administrativo. Madrid: Civitas.

Senden, L. (2004). Soft law and in European Community law. Oxford: Hart Publishing.

Shelton, D. (2008). “Soft law”. En Armastrong, D. (ed.) Routledge Handbook of International Law (pp. 68-80). London: Bloomsbury Press.

Snyder, F. (1994). Soft Law and Institutional Practice in the European Community, EUI Working Paper LAW No. 93/5.

Stefan, O. (2024). Soft Law in EU Competition and State aid: an Imperfect Solution to Grand Regulatory Challenges. En Colombo, C. M. , Wright K., y Eliantonio, M. (eds.), The Evolving Governance of EU Competition Law in a Time of Disruptions: A Constitutional Perspective (pp. 213-231). Oxford: Hart.

Stefan, O.A., Avbelj, M., Eliantonio, M., Hartlapp, M. and Korkea‐aho, E. y Rubio, N. (2019). EU Soft Law in the EU Legal Order: A Literature Review (March 4, 2019). King's College London Law School Research Paper Forthcoming. Disponible en: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3346629

Tarello, G. (1974) Diritto, enunciati, usi. Bologna: Il Mulino

Terpan, F. (2023). The definition of soft law. En Eliantonio, M., Korkea-aho, E. y Mörth, U. (eds) Research Handbook on Soft Law (pp. 43-55). Cheltenham: Elgar.

Thieberge, C. (2003). Le droit souple. Réflextion sur le textures du droit. Revue trimestrielle de droit civil, 4, pp. 599-628.

Van Klink, B. y Lembcke O.W. (2018). A Fuller Understanding of Legal Validity and Soft Law. En Westerman, P. et alii (eds.). Legal Validity and Soft Law (pp. 145-164). Cham: Springer.

Vaquer Aloy, A. (2013). El soft law europeo en la jurisprudencia española: doce casos. AIS, junio, 1, pp. 93-115.

Von Wright, G. (1963) Norma y acción. Madrid: Debate.

Weiß, W (2023). Reconsidering the legal effect of EU soft law in national implementation: Bindingness from an individual rights perspective. En Eliantonio, M., Korkea-aho, E. y Mörth, U. (eds) Research Handbook on Soft Law (pp. 33-42). Cheltenham: Elgar.

Zaccaria, G. (2022). Postdiritto. Bologna: Il Mulino.