Criminología crítica compuesta y administración colectiva (Khalifa): Una exploración teórica de la prevención de delitos ambientales en Malasia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30827/rec.9.33162Palabras clave:
Gestión colectiva, zemiología, ultrarrealismo, realismo crítico islámico, ecoteología, MalasiaResumen
Este artículo identifica e interroga una nueva lente teórica para abordar el «delito» medioambiental, entendido como un enfoque «criminológico crítico compuesto» (Quraishi, 2020:90) que incorpora tres vertientes conceptuales principales: 1) Evaluar los estudios pertinentes bajo el bajo el paraguas de la zemiología y su tratamiento de los daños sociales y el enfoque holístico de la delincuencia (Tombs, 2018); 2) La investigación ultra realista (UR),en particular la noción de «privilegio especial» (Winlow & Hall, 2016; Boukli & Kotzé, 2018) y el realismo crítico islámico (ICR) (Wilkinson, 2015; 2019); 3) Ecoteología y la administración colectiva, las relaciones y los deberes entre individuos, Estados y corporaciones y estudiosos para prevenir el daño Ambiental con atención específica al concepto teológico islámico de Jalifa y de la ecoteología (Haleem, 2001).
La discusión y el análisis se presentan a través de un estudio de caso de Malasia, que representa una nación del Sur Global con un sistema jurídico pluralista que experimenta una importante degradación medioambiental y ambiciosas políticas para contrarrestarla. En el estudio de caso examina una serie de daños medioambientales, incluidos los derivados de la producción petroquímica y el consumo excesivo, al tiempo que aboga de una jurisprudencia islámica malaya activa. Una vez queun modelo sugerido para futuros trabajos empíricos en este campo. El modelo trata de determinar cómo entienden y articulan el daño social causado por el «delito» medioambiental tres grupos (a menudo con diferentes intereses creados) para determinar las prioridades de la protección colectiva del medio ambiente.
Citas
Abdel Haleem, M.A.S. (2016) The Qur’an: A new translation by M.A.S. Abdel Haleem, Oxford. Oxford University Press.
Abdul Haq, Z., Imran, M., Ahmad, S., Farooq, U. (2020) ‘Environment, Islam and women: a study of eco-feminist environmental activism in Pakistan’, Journal of Outdoor and Environmental Education, 23:275-291 https://doi.org/10.1007/s42322-020-00065-4
Ackerman, D., and Joyner, T. (1996) ‘Earth-Healing in South Africa: Challenges to Church and Mosque.’ In Women Healing Earth: Third World Women on Ecology, Feminism and Religion, ed. Rosemary Radford Ruether, 121–34. Maryknoll, N.Y., Orbis.
Ammar, N. (2003) ‘Ecological Justice and Human Rights for Women in Islam’ in Foltz, R., Denny, F.M., and Baharuddin, A.H., (eds) Islam and Ecology: A Bestowed Trust. Havard Divinity School for the Study of World Religion, Cambridge Massachusetts, Harvard University Press.
Ammar, N.H., Gray, A. (2017) ‘Islamic Environmental Teachings. Compatible with Ecofeminism?’ chap 22 in Hart, J. (ed) The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Religion and Ecology. Chichester, UK, John Wiley and Sons.
Balasubramaniam, R. R. (2012) ‘Hobbism and the Problem of Authoritarian Rule in Malaysia’. Hague Journal on the Rule of Law, 4, 211–234. https://doi. org/10.1017/S1876404512000140.
BBC (2019). Indonesia Haze: Why Do Forests Keep Burning? Sep16 2019, Retrieved
/02/2024, from https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/ world asia34265922.
Bennett, N.J., Whitty, T.S., Finkbeiner, E., Pittman, J., Bassett, H., Gelcich, S., Allison E.H., (2018) ‘Environmental Stewardship: A Conceptual Review and Analytical Framework’, Environmental Management (2018) 61:597–614
Boukli, A., Kotzé, J. (eds) (2018) Zemiology: Reconnecting Crime and Social Harm. Cham, Switzerland. Palgrave Macmillan.
Charities Aid Foundation (2023) ‘World Giving Index 2023: Global Trends in Generosity’. CAF. https://www.cafonline.org/docs/default-source/about-us-research/wgi_report_2023_final.pdf?sfvrsn=402a5447_2 accessed 13/02/2024
Canning, V., Tombs, S. (2021) From Social Harm to Zemiology: A Critical Introduction. London & New York, Routledge.
Cárcel-Carrasco, J., Martínez-Corral, A., Aparicio-Fernández, C.S. (2022) ‘Impact of the mobility alteration on air pollution over different cities: a vision for citizen awareness’. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 81048–81062 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-21326-3
Chan, L. M., Koay, Y.-Y., Keh, C.-G., Tang, S.-E., & Tan, Y.-T. (2020) ‘Can The ‘Tax The Rich, Subsidise The Poor’ Policy Improve Financial Satisfaction Among Malaysians?’ International Journal of Management Studies, 27(1), 21–47. https://doi.org/10.32890/ijms.27.1.2020.8005
Chen, H.L., Nath, T.K., Chong, S. Foo, V., Gibbins, C., Lechner, A.M. (2021) ‘The plastic waste problem in Malaysia: management, recycling and disposal of local and global plastic waste’. SN Appl. Sci. 3, 437 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-021-04234-
Daloz, J.-P. (2003), ‘Ostentation in Comparative Perspective: Culture and Elite Legitimation’, Engelstad, F. (Ed.) Comparative Studies of Culture and Power (Comparative Social Research, Vol. 21), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 29-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0195-6310(03)21002-4
Department of Statistics Malaysia (2021) ‘Demographic statistics second quarter 2021’, Malaysia, https://www.dosm.gov.my/portal-main/landingv2
Energy Tracker, (2023) ‘Climate change in Malaysia Environmental Issues and Solutions’ https://energytracker.asia/climate-change-in-malaysia-environmental-issues-and-solutions/ Accessed 17/01/24
Forbes, J. D. (2001) ‘Indigenous Americans: Spirituality and Ecos’. Daedalus, 130(4), 283–300. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20027728
Forbes, (2023) ‘Malaysia’s 50th Richest’. https://www.forbes.com/malaysia-billionaires/list/#tab:overall accessed 13/02/2024.
Foltz, R.C. (2000) ‘Is There an Islamic Environmentalism?’ Environmental Ethics 22, no. 1 (2000): 63–72.
Foltz, R. C. (2001) ‘Environmental Initiatives in Contemporary Iran.’ Central Asian Survey 20, no. 2 (2001): 155–65.
Foltz, R.C. (2004) ‘Islam and Environmentalism in Iran’ In Encyclopedia of Religion and Nature, ed. Bron Taylor and Jeffrey Kaplan. New York: Continuum,
Goody, J. (2004) Islam in Europe. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Haleem, H.A. (2001) ’Review of The Environmental Dimensions of Islam, by Mawil Izzi Dien’. Journal of Islamic Studies 12, no. 2 (2001):179–82.
Hall, S. (2012). Theorising Crime and Deviance: A New Perspective. London: Sage.
Hall, S., & Wilson, D. (2014) ‘New foundations: Pseudo-pacification and special liberty as potential cornerstones for a multi-level theory of homicide and serial murder’. European Journal of Criminology, 11(5),635-655 https://doi.org/10.1177/1477370814536831
Hall, S., & Winlow, S. (2015) Revitalising Criminological Theory: Towards a New Ultra-Realism. London: Routledge.
Hallum, A. (2003) ‘Ecotheology and Environmental Praxis in Guatemala’, Nova Religio, 7(2), 55-70
Hillyard, P., Pantazis, C., Tombs, S., & Gordon, D. (2004) Beyond Criminology: Taking Harm Seriously. London: Pluto Press.
Hilser, H. (2021) ‘Collective Stewardship & Pathways to Change: Understanding Pro-Social Values, Connectedness to Nature & Empathetic Capacity to Cultivate Ecocentrism in Rural Communities in North Sulawesi, Indonesia’, PhD Thesis, University of Exeter, Proquest Dissertations Publishing, 2021. 28930598.
Hope, A. L. B., Jones, C. R. (2014) ‘The impact of religious faith on attitudes to environmental issues and carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies: A mixed methods study’. Technology in Society, 38, 48-59.
Hosseini, S.E., Wahid, M.A. (2015) ‘Pollutant in palm oil production process’, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 65:7, 773-781, DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2013.873092
Human Rights Watch (2024) World Report 2024 https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2024/country-chapters/malaysia accessed 27/03/24.
Husaini, S., Ahmad, W. (1980) Islamic Environmental Systems Engineering. London: Macmillan.
Irfan, L., Quraishi, M., Schneuwly Purdie, M. Wilkinson, M. (2021) ‘The primacy of ontology: a philosophical basis for research on religion in prison’, Journal of Critical Realism. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767430.2021.2007463
Ismail, S. Z. (2015) ‘At the Foot of the Sultan: The Dynamic Application of Sharī’ah in Malaysia’. Electronic Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law, 3, 69–81.
IUCN (2023) The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2023. Updated 11 Dec 2023. http://www.iucnredlist.org. accessed 22/02/24.
Jamal, U. (2021) ‘Malaysia missed its Vision 2020 goal of industrialization. What went wrong?’ ASEAN Today. Jan 16, 2021.
https://www.aseantoday.com/2021/01/malaysia-missed-its-vision-2020-goal-of-industrialization-what-went-wrong/ Accessed 07/02/2024.
Khalid, M.A., Yang, L. (2019) ‘Income inequality among different ethnic groups: the case of Malaysia’ London School of Economics Blogs https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/businessreview/2019/09/11/income-inequality-among-different-ethnic-groups-the-case-of-malaysia/ accessed 13/02/2024
Khalid, F., & O’Brien, J. (eds.) (1992) Islam and ecology. London: Cassell
Khalid, F., O’Brien J. (2002) ‘Bibliography on Islam and Ecology’ 385-391 in Worldviews, Religion and the Environment: A Global Anthology, Richard C. Foltz (ed), Belmont, California: Wadsworth Thomson.
Kothari, A., & Bajpai, A. (2017, September 16) ‘We Are the River, the River Is Us’. Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 1, L11, No. 37, 103–109, L11.
Kressner, I., Mutis, A.M., Pettinaroli, E.M. (2020) Ecofictions, Ecorealities and Slow Violence in Latin America and the Latinx World. New York: Routledge.
Lynch, M. (1990) ‘The Greening of Criminology: A Perspective for the 1990s’. The Critical Criminologist, 2(3), 1–4 and 11–12.
Martin, W. C., & Bateman, C. R. (2014) ‘Consumer religious commitment’s influence on ecocentric attitudes and behaviour’. Journal of Business Research, 67(2), 5-11.
Mathevet, R., Bousquet, F., Larrére, C., Larrére, R. (2018) ‘Environmental Stewardship and Ecologocal Solidarity: Re-thinking Social-Ecological Interdependency and Responsibility’, Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, Vol 31, 605-623.
Mir Mohamad Tabar, S.A., South, N., Brisman, A. Majdi, A.A. ‘An empirical test of techniques of neutralization regarding polluting behaviors in rural Iran’. Crime Law Soc Change 78, 79–103 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-022-10016-3
Moosavi, L. (2019) ‘Decolonising Criminology: Syed Hussein Al-Attas on Crimes of the Powerful’. Critical Criminology, 27(2), 229–242.
Moya, I. (2023) ‘The Savage Share’, Terrain [En ligne], 78 | 2023, mis en ligne le 06 novembre 2023, consulté le 02 février
URL http://journals.openedition.org/terrain/25576
Mir Mohamad Tabar, S.A., South, N., Brisman, A., Majdi, A.A. (2022) ‘An empirical test of techniques of neutralization regarding polluting behaviors in rural Iran’. Crime Law Soc Change 78, 79–103 . https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-022-10016-3
Murad, M. M. (2010) ‘Islamic Environmental Stewardship: Nature and Science in the Light of Islamic Philosophy’, Union Seminary Quarterly Review, Vol 63, 145-163
Nasr, S. H. (1968) The encounter of man and nature: the spiritual crisis of modern man. London: Allen and Unwin.
Nixon, R. (2011). Slow Violence and the Environmentalism of the Poor. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Pantazis, C. (2010) ‘Young people's experience of harm: international comparisons.’ Criminal Justice Matters, 30-34 https://doi.org/10.1080/09627251.2010.498229
Pecharroman, L. C. (2018). Rights of Nature: Rivers That Can Stand in Court. Resources, 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/resources7010013.
Pelz, D. (2017) ‘NGO blames water pollution on oil company in S. Sudan’, DW https://www.dw.com/en/ngo-blames-water-pollution-in-ssudan-on-oil-company/a-38906882 accessed 12/02/2024
PETRONAS, (2024) ‘Sustainability’. https://www.petronas.com/sustainability accessed 12/02/2024.
Pew Research Center (2009) The Pew Global Attitudes Project. July 23 2009. www.pewglobal.org
Quraishi, M. (2016) Muslims and Crime: A Comparative Study. London & New York, Routledge.
Quraishi, M. (2020) Towards a Malaysian Criminology: Conflict, Censure & Compromise. Advances in Criminology and Criminal Justice in Asia Series. London: Palgrave MacMillan.
Quraishi, M., Irfan, L., Schneuwly Purdie, M. Wilkinson, M. (2021) ‘Doing ‘Judgemental Rationality’ in empirical research: the importance of depth-reflexivity when researching in prison’, Journal of Critical Realism. DOI: 10.1080/14767430.2021.1992735
Quraishi, M., Wilkinson, M. (2023) ‘Oh you’re on our side, you’re my brother’: occupational ontology and challenges for Muslim prison officers in Europe’. Contemporary Islam. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11562-023-00526-9
Ramlan, S. (2020) ‘Implementing Islamic law to protect the environment: insights from Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia’, Asia Pacific Journal of Environmental Law, Vol 23 (2), 2020, 202-230.
Razimi, M.S.A., Romle, A.R., Erdris, M.F.M. (2016) ‘Zakat Management in Malaysia: A Review’ American-Eurasian Journal of Scientific Research 11 (6): 453-457, 2016
Saleh, M.S.M., Kasuma, S.A.A., Zuknik, M.H., Hasan, N.N.N. (2021) ‘Islamic Values in Environmental Communication withing the Malaysian Media: A case study of Utusan Malaysia and Berita Harian’, Jurnal Komunikasi, Malaysian Journal of Communication, jilid 37 (3), 54-72.
Samuel, V.B., Agamuthu, P., Hashim, M.A. (2013) ‘Indicators for assessment of sustainable production: A case study of the petrochemical industry in Malaysia’, Ecological Indicators, Volume 24,2013,Pages 392-402, ISSN 1470-160X,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.07.017.
Samuri, M.A. & Quraishi, M. (2014) ‘Negotiating Apostasy: Applying to ‘Leave Islam’ in Malaysia’, Journal of Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations. May 2014.
Samuri M.A. & Quraishi. M, (2017) ‘Criminalising Religious Pluralism: The Case of the Shia in Malaysia’. International Journal of Shi’a Islamic Studies. XI, 4.
Saniotis, A. (2011) ‘Muslims and ecology: fostering Islamic environmental ethics’, Contemporary Islam, Vol 6, 155-171.
Santos, J. (2021) ‘Kadazandusun groups seek RM329 mil from PETRONAS for 47 years of ecological damage’ The Vibes, 6 Nov 2021.
https://www.thevibes.com/articles/news/46543/kadazandusun-groups-seek-rm329-mil-from-petronas-for-47-years-of-ecological-damage accessed 12/02/2024
Sardar, Z. (1985) ‘Towards an Islamic Theory of the Environment.’ In Islamic Futures: A Shape of Ideas to Come, 224–37. London: Mansell.
Schneuwly Purdie, M., Irfan, L., Quraishi, M., Wilkinson, M. (2021) ‘Living Islam in Prison: How Gender Affects the Religious Experiences of Female and Male Offenders’, Religions, 2021, 12(5), 298; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel12050298
SEDA (2024) ‘Malaysia Renewable Energy Roadmap (MyRER)’ Sustainable Energy Development Authority, Malaysia https://www.seda.gov.my/reportal/myrer/
Shuaib, F. S. (2009) ‘Towards Malaysian Common Law: Convergence Between Indigenous Norms and Common Law Methods’. 13 Jurnal Undang-Undang. The Journal of Malaysian and Comparative Law, 158
Smith, O., & Raymen, T. (2018) ‘Deviant Leisure: A Criminological Perspective’. Theoretical Criminology, 22(1), 63–82.
South, N. (1998) ‘A Green Field for Criminology? A Proposal for a Perspective’. Theoretical Criminology, 2(2), 211–233.
SPOTT (2019) Sustainability Policy Transparency Toolkit. Economic Impacts. London: Zoological Society of London. https://www.spott.org/palm-oil- resource-archive/impacts/economic/. Accessed 09 Feb 2024.
Statista (2024) ‘Tourist Arrivals to Malaysia 2013-2022’. Statista Research Department. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1004711/tourist-arrivals-malaysia/ accessed 17/01/2024
Stone, C. D. (1972). Should Trees Have Standing? Towards Legal Rights for Natural Objects. South California Law Review, 45, 450–501.
Talib, R. (2000) ‘Malaysia: Power Shifts and the Matrix of Consumption’ chapter 2 in Beng-Huat, Chua (ed) (2000) Consumption in Asia: Lifestyles and Identities. Routledge, London and New York.
Tombs, S. (2018) ‘For Pragmatism and Politics: Crime, Social Harm and Zemiology’. Part I in A. Boukli & J. Kotze (Eds.), Zemiology: Reconnecting Crime and Social Harm. Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan. E-Book. https:// doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76312-5.
Utility Bidder (2024) ‘Plastic Polluters’ https://www.utilitybidder.co.uk/blog/plastic-polluters/ Accessed 17/01/24
Walters, R. (2017) ‘Green Criminologies’ chap 11 in P. Carlen, L.A. França (eds) Alternative Criminologies, London: Routledge.
Welchman, J. (2012) ‘A defence of environmental stewardship’. Environmental Values, 21, 297–316
White, R. (2011). Transnational Environmental Crime. Towards an Eco-Global Criminology. Abingdon: Routledge.
Wijsen, F., Anshori, A.A. (2023) ‘Eco-Theology in Indonesian Islam: Ideas on Stewardship among Muhammadiyah Members’, Journal of Government and Civil Society, Vol 7 (1), April 2023, 109-118
Winlow, S., & Hall, S. (2016) ‘Realist Criminology and Its Discontents’. International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy, 5(3), 80–94. ISSN: 2202-7998.
Winlow, S., & Hall, S. (2019). Shock and Awe: On Progressive Minimalism and Retreatism, and the New Ultra-Realism. Critical Criminology, 27, 21–36.
Wilkinson, J.C. (1990) ‘Muslim land and water law’, Journal of Islamic Studies, 1, 54-72.
Wilkinson, M.L.N. (2015) A Fresh Look at Islam in A Multi-Faith World: A philosophy for Success through education. Abingdon, UK: Routledge.
Wilkinson, M. L. N. (2019) The Genealogy of Terror; How to Distinguish between Islam, Islamist and Islamist Extremism. London & New York: Routledge.
Wilkinson, M., Quraishi, M. (2023) ‘Defining & Illustrating Extremism Using the Largest Investigation into Islam in Prison’ Studies in Conflict & Terrorism https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1057610X.2023.2247620
Wilkinson, M., Irfan, L., Quraishi, M., Schneuwly Purdie, M. (2021a) ‘Prison as a Site of Intense Religious Change: The Example of Conversion to Islam’, Religions 2021, 12(3), 162; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel12030162
Wilkinson, M, Irfan, L., Quraishi, M., Schneuwly Purdie, M. (2021b) ‘Building on the shoulders of Bhaskar and Matthews: a Critical Realist Criminology’, Journal of Critical Realism. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767430.2021.1992736
Wilkinson, M., Irfan, L., Quraishi, M. and Schneuwly-Purdie, M. (2022) Islam in Prison: Finding Faith, Freedom & Fraternity. Bristol: Policy Press.
Wood, M., Anderson, B., Richards, I. (2019) ‘Breaking Down the Pseudo-Pacification Process: Eight Critiques of Ultra-Realist Crime Causation Theory’, British Journal of Criminology, Vol 60 (3), May 2020, 642-661.
World Health Organisation (2023) ‘Health & Environment Score Card: Malaysia’. https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/country-profiles/environmental-health/environmental-health-mys-2023.pdf?sfvrsn=85d749c2_4&download=true. Accessed 17/01/24
World Tourism Organization (2010) UNTO Tourism Highlights, 2018 Edition, UNWTO, Madrid DOI: https://doi.org/10.18111/9789284419876
Zaloom, C. (2009) ‘The Spectacle of Wealth and its Costs’, Social Psychology Quarterly, Vol 72 (3), 203-205.
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
