Identificación temprana de talento en tenis: un estudio retrospectivo

Autores/as

Palabras clave:

talento, tenis, prueba de desempeño, pronóstico, éxito

Resumen

La identificación de talentos a menudo suele comenzar desde la edad de entrada al deporte, es decir, incluso por debajo de los 9 años (U9). Sin embargo, el éxito de dicha identificación de talento temprana es cuestionable. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio retrospectivo a largo plazo es analizar si los jugadores juveniles de tenis más exitosos hoy en día ya eran diferentes de los jugadores juveniles de tenis menos exitosos hoy en día en términos de aptitud física y competencia motora cuando los dos grupos eran U9. Si a esta temprana edad ya eran notables diferencias significativas en las características de desempeño entre los jugadores de tenis exitosos y menos exitosos, dichas características podrían usarse para predecir el talento desde una etapa temprana. Basados en su actual éxito en el tenis, un total de 174 jugadores juveniles de tenis fueron divididos en jugadores de clasificación nacional (n= 16: jugadores que obtuvieron un lugar en la lista oficial de clasificación nacional juvenil de tenis de la Federación Alemana de Tenis) y jugadores por fuera de la clasificación (n=158). Todos estos jugadores ya habían participado en dos pruebas antropométricas y nueve de aptitud física y competencia motora en U9 (ej. sprint, carrera de resistencia, lanzamiento de balón). Usando un análisis de correlación y el MANCOVA, analizamos retrospectivamente si los dos grupos de desempeño actual diferían significativamente de los puntajes en sus pruebas en U9, y si esos puntajes de las pruebas de rendimiento en U9 de estos atletas se correlacionaban con su éxito de juego actual. No se encontraron diferencias significativas (p < 0,05) entre los jugadores juveniles dentro la clasificación y por fuera de ella en términos de peso y altura en U9. Sin embargo, exceptuando la flexibilidad, todas las pruebas de aptitud física y competencia motora presentaron resultados significativos. El lanzamiento de balón fue la prueba más relevante ya que demostró la mayor validez pronóstica (tamaño del efecto ƞ2 = .157 y r = .360). A esta prueba le siguieron dos actividades de prueba, salto de longitud de pie (tamaño del efecto ƞ2 = .081 y r = .287) y carrera de resistencia (tamaño del efecto ƞ2 = .065 y r = .296). En general, los resultados en U9 están en línea con los resultados de otros estudios de jugadores de tenis en U12-U18. Por lo tanto, puede asumirse que las características de talento específicas permanecen estables durante cierto periodo de tiempo y que el desempeño en las pruebas en U9 puede ser un indicador temprano de futuro éxito en el juego.

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Biografía del autor/a

Maximilian Siener, University of Bayreuth

Institute of Sport Science, Department of Training and Movement Science, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth.

Alexander Ferrauti, Ruhr University Bochum

Faculty of Sport Science, Department of Training and Exercise Science, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum.

Andreas Hohmann, University of Bayreuth

Institute of Sport Science, Department of Training and Movement Science, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth.

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Talento, Tenis, Prueba de desempeño, Pronóstico, Éxito

Publicado

2025-03-27

Cómo citar

Siener, M., Ferrauti, A., & Hohmann, A. (2025). Identificación temprana de talento en tenis: un estudio retrospectivo. International Journal of Racket Sports Science, 3(2), 26–38. Recuperado a partir de https://revistaseug.ugr.es/index.php/IJRSS/article/view/33353