International Sports Federations Voting System: A Case Study of the Badminton World Federation

Abstract

This study examines the governance and voting power structures of International Sports Federations (IFs), with a specific focus on the Badminton World Federation (BWF) as a case study. For National Sports Associations (Members), democratic representation within IFs is fundamental to good governance, with voting systems serving as a key mechanism for equitable participation. This research critically evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of IF voting systems, proposing actionable reforms to enhance fairness and transparency. Benchmarking against governance models used by FIFA and the International Olympic Committee (IOC), the study explores the broader applicability of differential voting structures. Additionally, the Sport Governance Observer (SGO) Index is employed as an analytical framework to assess governance quality, including transparency, decision-making, financial management, representation, inclusivity, and accountability mechanisms. The BWF employs a differential voting system for both governance decisions and elections at its Annual General Meeting (AGM), where Members are allocated between one and five votes based on their active participation in badminton. This study examines the historical evolution, operational framework, and implications of this system. Findings confirm that differential voting remains a viable governance model for IFs but underscore the need for well-defined, transparent, and verifiable criteria. Specifically, the study recommends that voting rights be allocated based on measurable engagement in the sport, such as development initiatives and competitive participation, ensuring a governance system that is both equitable and resistant to manipulation.