Análise sociopolítica do papel mediador das organizações internacionais nos conflitos do Burundi e Uganda
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30827/revpaz.v9i1.3546Palabras clave:
União Africana, Mediação de Conflitos, Burundi, Uganda, Nações UnidasResumen
Este trabalho tem por objetivo debater a efetividade do papel mediador da ONU e da União Africana na resolução de conflitos nos casos do Burundi e Uganda. Argumenta-se que essa atuação mediadora impactou de forma considerável nas negociações, uma vez que se percebeu um cessar-fogo nas hostilidades entre as partes beligerantes e o estabelecimento de acordos mais significativos em relação às questões pendentes. Para contemplar essa discussão, procurou-se descrever os processos de mediação bem-sucedidos nas décadas recentes na África, tomando-se por base os casos supracitados, cujos processos similares de resolução puderam alcançar resultados positivos. Por fim, avaliou-se a efetividade mediadora da ONU no campo da manutenção e promoção da paz, enfatizando-se suas estratégias na diminuição da violência in loco e na proteção dos civis.
Descargas
Citas
Banim, Guy. (2010). “EU-AU Dialogue on Strategic Approaches to Mediation: Building the African Union’s mediation capacity”. Initiative for Peacebuilding, Disponível em:< http://www.initiativeforpeacebuilding.eu/pdf/0111GuyBanim.pdf> Acesso em: 26 fev. 2014.
Bercovitch, Jacob. (1991) “International Mediation”. Journal of Peace Research, [S. L.], núm. 1, vol. 28, fev. pp. 3-6.
Boshoff, Henri; Very, Waldemar; Rautenbach, George. (2010) “The Burundi Peace Process: from civil war to conditional peace”. 150f. Monograph (Graduate in Security Studies) - Institute for Security Studies, Africa, 2010.
Crocker, Chester A.; Hampson, Fen Osler; Aall, Pamela R. (2007), “Leashing The Dogs of War: Conflict Management in a Divided World”. Washington: United States Institute of Peace.
Diehl, Paul F. (2007). “New Roles for Regional Organizations”. In: In: Crocker, Chester A.; Hampson, Fen Osler; Aall, Pamela R. (eds.). “Leashing the Dogs of War: Conflict Management in a Divided World”. Washington: United States Institute of Peace.
Elowson, Camila; Nordlund, Per. (2013). “Paradigm Lost? The joint Africa-EU Strategy: A study of the Peace and Security Partnership”, Rapportnr/Report no: FOI-R-3752-SE, 2013. Disponível em:< http://www.foi.se/Global/V%C3%A5r%20kunskap/S%C3%A4kerhetspolitiska%20studier/Afrika/Elowson%20and%20Nordlund,%20Paradigm%20Lost%20-%20The%20Joint%20Africa-EU%20Strategy,%202013.pdf> Acesso em: 26 fev. 2014.
Gomes, Solomon. (2008) “The peacemaking role of the OAU and the AU: a comparative analysis”. In: Akokpari, John; Ndinga-muvumba, Angela; Murithi, Tim., “The African Union and its Institutions”. South Africa: Fanele.
Horowitz, Sara. (2007). “Mediation”. In: Webel, Charles; Galtung, Johan (eds.), “Handbook of Peace and Conflict Studies”. New York: Taylor & Francis e-Library.
International Crisis Group. (2000) “The Mandela Effect: Prospects for Peace in Burundi”. Africa Report, n. 13. Disponível em:< http://www.crisisgroup.org/en/regions/africa/central-africa/burundi/013-the-mandela-effect-prospects-for-peace-in-burundi.aspx> Acesso em: 25 fev. 2014.
Khadiagala, Gilbert M. (2007a). “Meddlers or Mediators?: African Interveners in Civil Conflicts in Eastern Africa”. Boston: MARTINUS NIJHOFF.
Khadiagala, Gilbert M. (2007b). “Mediation efforts in Africa’s Great Lakes Region”. Africa mediators’retreat, Africa Portal, Disponível em:< http://www.africaportal.org/dspace/articles/mediation-efforts-africa%E2%80%99s-great-lakes-region> Acesso em: 26 fev. 2014.
Lanz, David et al (2008). “Evaluating Peace Mediation”. SWISS PEACE: Initiative for Peacebuilding. Disponível em:< http://www.initiativeforpeacebuilding.eu/pdf/Evaluating_Peace_mediation.pdf> Acesso em: 26 abr. 2014.
Mack, Tara, Cooper, Andrew, (2008) “A New Peace in Africa?”. Journal Conflict Trends, South Africa: ACCORD, n. 4. Disponível em:< http://www.isn.ethz.ch/Digital-Library/Publications/Detail/?ots591=0c54e3b3-1e9c-be1e-2c24-a6a8c7060233&lng=en&id=101724> Acesso em: 02 fev. 2014.
Mason, Simon J. A. (2008). “Mediation in African Peace Processes: carefully companing Apples and Oranges”. In: Center for Security Studies (CSS). “Unpacking the Mystery of Mediation in African Peace Processes”. Zurich: ETH.
Merrills, J. G. (2005) “International Dispute Settlement”. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Mingst, Karen A.; Karns, Margaret P. (2007) “The United Nations and Conflict Management: Relevant or Irrelevant?”. In: Crocker, Chester A.; Hampson, Fen Osler; Aall, Pamela R. (eds.). “Leashing the Dogs of War: Conflict Management in a Divided World”. Washington: United States Institute of Peace.
Mitchell, Christopher. (2008). “Mediation and the Ending of Conflicts”. In: Darby, John; Ginty, Roger Mac (eds.). “Contemporary Peacemaking: Conflict, Peace Process and Post-War Reconstruction”. New York: POLGRAVE MACMILLAN.
Motjope, Mr. Mahlomola Victor. (2011). “A critical assessment of the evolving African Union-United Nation cooperation on peace and security: 2003-2009”. 108 f. Dissertation (Master of Diplomatic Studies) – Department of Political Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 2011.
Mottiar, Shauna; Jaarsveld, Salomé Van. (2009). “Mediating Peace in Africa: Securing Conflict Prevention”. Ethiopia: ACCORD.
Murithi, Tim; Ndinga-muvumba, Angela. (2008). “Key Issues Building a New African Union for the 21st Century”. In: Akokpari, John; Ndinga-muvumba, Angela; Murithi, Tim., “The African Union and its Institutions”. South Africa: Fanele.
Nathan, Laurie. (2005) “Mediation and the African Union’s Panel of the Wise”. Crisis States Discussion Papers, núm. 10. Disponível em:<http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/28340/1/dp10.pdf> Acesso em: 04 fev. 2014.
Open Society Foundations. (2011) “EU-AU Relations: The Partnership on Democratic Governance and Human Rights of the joint Africa-EU Strategic”. Disponível em: <http://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/reports/eu-au-relations-partnership-democratic-governance-and-human-rights-joint-africa-eu-strategy> Acesso em: 26 fev. 2014.
Plamielle, Kenmoe Nougue. (2011). “United Nations Mediation in Africa: a case study of the Bakassi conflict intervention 2002-2006”. 193 f. Dissertation (Master in Philosophy) – Faculty of Arts, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011.
Powell, Kristiana. (2005), “The African Union’s emerging peace and security regime: opportunities and challenges for delivering on the responsibility to protect”. Canada: The North-South Institute, n. 119.
Sisk, Timothy D. (2009) “International Mediation in Civil Wars: Bargaining with bullets”. London; New York: Routledge.
United Nations – Department of Political Affairs. 2011. Disponível em:< http://www.un.org/wcm/content/site/undpa/> Acesso em: 26 fev. 2014.
United Nations Security Council. S/2008/186. (2008), “Report of Secretary-General on the relationship between the United Nations and regional organizations, in particular the African Union, in the maintenance of international peace and security”. Disponível em:< http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/2008/186> Acesso em: 25 fev. 2014.
Wilkenfeld, Jonathan. et al. (2005); “Mediation International Crises” London/New York: Routledge – Taylor & Francis Group.
Zartman, I. William; Touval, Saadia. (2007) “International Mediation”. In: Crocker, Chester A.; Hampson, Fen Osler; Aall, Pamela R. (eds.)., “Leashing The Dogs of War”. Washington: United States Institute of Peace.
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.