Origen del género Ailanthus Desf. y distribución actual de la especie Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle: Análisis fitogeográfico y registros fósiles

Mario Corral Ribera

doi:10.30827/cuadgeo.v63i2.30291

Autores/as

Mario Corral Ribera Universidad Autónoma de Madrid https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9349-4051

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30827/cuadgeo.v63i2.30291

Palabras clave:

Invasión biológica, biogeografía, sámaras fosilizadas, AilanthusDesf, fitogeografía

Resumen

Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (ailanto) es una de las especies vegetales exóticas invasoras más extendidas a escala global. Aunque es originaria de Asia (China y Norte de Vietnam) encuentra en su alta plasticidad de adaptación, su carácter competitivo y su introducción antrópica, la posibilidad de invadir y colonizar espacios naturales o deteriorados a escala global. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar el origen del género Ailanthus Desf. Para ello, se elaboran mapas que recogen, para cada periodo geológico, la localización de registros citados de sámaras fosilizadas del género. Una vez se ha estudiado la aproximación al origen del género, se contextualiza la aparición de la especie A. altissima y su posterior expansión a escala global derivada de actuaciones antrópicas a lo largo de los siglos XX y XXI. Los resultados obtenidos establecen, entre otros aspectos, el Cretácico como el periodo de aparición del género Ailanthus y la meseta central del Tíbet como su región de origen. Se identifica Asia suroriental como la zona natural de la especie A. altissima, desde donde se expande e invade, como consecuencia de la introducción por actividades antrópicas, gran parte de las latitudes templadas de sendos hemisferios.

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