Jurisdicción territorial, autodeterminación colectiva, derechos humanos y legitimidad estatal: elementos para una teoría institucionalista de la inmigración
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https://doi.org/10.30827/trif.33971Palabras clave:
jurisdicción territorial, autodeterminación colectiva, derechos humanos, legitimidad estatal, inmigración, derecho de exclusiónResumen
El presente trabajo desarrolla una nueva teoría de la inmigración: la teoría institucionalista de la inmigración. Según esta teoría, el derecho de exclusión de los Estados deriva del derecho de autodeterminación, que a su vez depende de la protección de los derechos humanos. Mientras los Estados protejan adecuadamente los derechos humanos de sus habitantes y respeten los de los extranjeros, tienen derecho a la autodeterminación colectiva, lo cual incluye la determinación colectiva del “auto”. Al igual que otras teorías, esta permite a los Estados legítimos excluir a los inmigrantes no deseados cuyos derechos humanos se encuentren adecuadamente protegidos por sus respectivos Estados. Pero, a diferencia de estas, (1) no tiene implicaciones contraintuitivas como la deportación de ciudadanos y la exclusión de los recién nacidos; (2) permite explicar las obligaciones especiales hacia los refugiados, así como la exclusión territorial, no solo política, de los inmigrantes sin necesidad de disposiciones adicionales; y (3) no apela a principios moralmente arbitrarios.
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