Cultivando mentes para la era digital: una revisión sistemática del pensamiento computacional y crítico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30827/profesorado.v29i2.30889Palabras clave:
Pensamiento computacional, Pensamiento crítico, revisión sistemática, habilidades del siglo XXI, inteligencia artificialResumen
A medida que se desarrolla la Cuarta Revolución Industrial, se hace imperativo dotar a los alumnos de habilidades de pensamiento crítico y computacional. Este artículo profundiza en el papel fundamental de las tecnologías digitales y la Inteligencia Artificial en el fomento de estas capacidades cognitivas esenciales. A través de una revisión sistemática de la literatura, explora: ¿Qué aspectos se destacan en la relación entre las tecnologías digitales y el desarrollo del pensamiento computacional y crítico? ¿Y cómo se pueden potenciar dichas habilidades? Empleando
las directrices de la declaración PRISMA, se analizó sistemáticamente una muestra de 70 artículos, que revelaron cuatro conclusiones clave: a) el aprendizaje colaborativo y basado en proyectos cultiva el pensamiento crítico y la resolución de problemas; b) las prácticas de pensamiento computacional mejoran las habilidades analíticas; c) la alfabetización digital apuntala las competencias del siglo XXI; d) una sólida formación del profesorado es crucial para la integración de la tecnología. Este artículo ofrece una síntesis exhaustiva con ideas para que los educadores, los responsables políticos y los investigadores aprovechen las tecnologías digitales y la IA para fomentar el conjunto de herramientas cognitivas necesarias para prosperar en la era digital.
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