La representación literaria de la naturaleza y el tiempo en las obras de Varlam Shalámov y Valentín Rasputin: un análisis comparativo

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30827/meslav.24.31460

Palabras clave:

Shalámov, Raspútin, Siberia, elementos naturales, percepción del tiempo

Resumen

El estudio compara las obras de Varlam Shalámov (1907–1982) y Valentín Rasputin (1937–2015), centrándose en sus representaciones literarias de la naturaleza siberiana y del tiempo. Los elementos naturales —nieve, taiga, árboles, ríos— aparecen con connotaciones tanto positivas como negativas, moldeadas por la poética y la experiencia vital de cada autor. Mientras Rasputin evoca un paisaje lírico y ancestral, Shalámov filtra la Kolyma a través del lente traumático del GULAG. Junto al motivo de la naturaleza primordial, el análisis considera el tiempo tanto como parte del cronotopo siberiano como proyección psicológica y metafórica de los personajes, revelando paralelismos en las estrategias literarias empleadas por ambos escritores.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Citas

Agnello, M. (2013). Semiotica dei colori [Semiotics of Colours]. Carocci.

Applelbaum, A. (2005). Gulag. Storia dei campi di concentramento sovietici [Gulag. History of Soviet concentration camps]. Mondadori.

Augè, M. (2004). Rovine e macerie. Il senso del tempo [Ruins and Debris. The Sense of Time] Bollati Boringhieri. (Orig. work Le temps en ruines, published 2003)

Bakhtin, M. M. (2001). Le forme del tempo e del cronotopo nel romanzo. In Id., Estetica e romanzo. R. Platone, Ed., C. Strada Janovich, Trans.). Einaudi, 231-405. [Original ed. 1937. Formy vremeni i chronotopa v romane. Ocherki po istoricheskoj poétike. In Id., Voprosy literatury i éstetiki. Chudozhestvennaja literatura, 234-407].

Berneker, E. K. (1924). Slavisches etymologisches Worterbuch. (1908-1913). Vol. 2, Carl Winter.

Bolshakova, A. Ju. (2012). Poétika prozy V. Rasputina: chudozhestvennaja semantika vremeni. In Brazhnikov, I. L., Gazinova, A. A. & Ponomareva, T. A. (eds.), Tvorchestvo V. G. Rasputina v sociokulturnom i ésteticheskom kontekste épochi (pp. 12-48). Prometej.

Bol’shaja Sovetskaja Enciklopedija. (V 30 tt.), 1969-1978. A. M. Prochorov (Ed.). 3-e izd. Sovetskaja Enciklopedija. http://bse.sci-lib.com/article063085.html (last accessed December 14, 2025).

Brazhnikov, I. L. (2012). Éschatologicheskij chronotop v povesti Valentina Rasputina «Proshchanie s Matyoroj». In: Brazhnikov, I. L., Gazinova, A. A. & Ponomareva, T. A. (eds.), Tvorchestvo V. G. Rasputina v sociokulturnom i ésteticheskom kontekste épochi (pp. 12-48). Prometej.

Caprioglio, N. (2018). Pokorennaja priroda. Korennoe naselenie i ekspluatacija zemli v sovetskoj i postsovetskoj Rossii v romanach Proschanie s Materoj Valentina Rasputina i Zona zatoplenija Romana Senchina. In M. C. Ferro & al. (eds.), Contributi italiani al XVI Congresso Internazionale degli Slavisti [Italian Contributions to the XVI International Congress of Slavists]. FUP, 279-288. https://doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-723-8.23 DOI: https://doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-723-8.23

Chalmaev, V. (1990). Uroki “derevenskoj prozy”. In Istoria sovetskoj literatury: novyj vzgljad. Po materialam Vsesojuznoj naučno-tvorčeskoj konferencii, 11-12 maja 1989g. Nauka, 3-34.

Chongordoeva, G. Sh., & Elizarova, E. D. (Eds.). (2007). Valentin Grigor’evich Rasputin: biobibliograficheskij ukazatel [V. G. Rasputin: A Bio-Bibliographical Index]. Izd. G. K. Sapronov.

De Ponti, A. (2021). La ricezione italiana de I Racconti di Kolyma: un percorso storico-bibliografico [The Italian Reception of The Kolyma Tales: A Historical-Bibliographical Journey]. https://vocilibereurss.fupress.net/en/the-italian-reception-of-kolyma-stories-a-historical-bibliographical-outline/ (last accessed December 14, 2025).

Ershov, L. F. (1987). Valentin Rasputin i social’no-filosofskaja proza 1970-1980-ch godov [V. Rasputin and the social-philosophical prose of the 1970s‒1980s]. Russkaja literatura, 1, 145-155.

Esipov, V.V. (2007). Shalamov i Dostoevskij. Kto on, mayor Pugachev? [Shalamov and Dostoevsky: Who Is He, Major Pugachev?]. K stoletiju so dnja rozhdenija V. Shalamova: Materialy Mezhd. Nauchnoj konferencii, Moskva, 18–19 ijunija 2007 г., 145-182. https://www.booksite.ru/varlam/100_years_old_08.htm (last accessed December 19, 2025).

Esipov, V. V. (2013). Kommentarij k “Kolymskim rasskazam” [Commentary on the Kolyma Tales]. In Shalamov, V. T., Izbrannye proizvedenija. Sostavlenie, stat’ja i kommentarija V.V. Esipova. Vita Nova. https://shalamov.ru/en/research/249/ (last accessed December 18, 2025).

Fasmer, M. (2006). Etimologicheskij slovar’ russkogo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language]. 4-e izd., online version https://lexicography.online/etymology/vasmer/m/materoj; https://lexicography.online/etymology/vasmer/k/kljuch (last accessed December 13, 2025).

Flores, M., & Gori, F. (2002) (Eds.). Gulag. Il sistema dei Lager in Urss [Gulag. The Lager System in URSS]. Mazzotta.

Franzoni, D. (2020). Valentin Rasputin, l’ultimo sicamano [Valentin Rasputin, the Last Shaman]. In Id., La prosa sovietica nel contesto socio-culturale dell’epoca brežneviana [Soviet Prose in the Socio-Cultural Context of the Brezhnev Era]. FUP, 79-84. https://doi.org/10.36253/fup_best_practice. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36253/fup_best_practice

Garkavi, А. М. (1991). Chelovek i vremja v proze G. Rasputina [Man and Time in the Prose of G. Rasputin]. Pisatel’ i vremja, Sovremennik, 114-127.

Ghidini, M. C., De Florio, G., & Freda Piredda, E. (Eds.). (2015). V. Shalamov: Vivere o scrivere. Un viaggio documentario [V. Shalamov: To Live or to Write. A Documentary Journey]. https://hdl.handle.net/1889/2894. E-Book: ebook_Salamov_23_pdf [24gen16].pdf.

Gillespie, D. (1986). Valentin Rasputin and Soviet Russian Village Prose. The Modern Humanities Reasearch Association. DOI: https://doi.org/10.59860/td.c59e141

Glotov, V. E., Glotova, L. P., & Ushakov, M. V. (2011). Anomal’nye izmenenija rezhima stoka reki Kolymy v zimnjuju mezhen’. Kriosfera Zemli [Anomalous Changes in the Discharge Regime of the Kolyma River in the Winter Low-Water Period. The Earth’s Cryosphere]. Severo-Vostochnyj kompleksnyj nauchno-issledovatel’skij institut DVO RAN, 52-60.

God Rasputina: nauchnoe soobshhestvo k 80-letiju pisatelja. CyberLeninka. Recuperado el 13 de diciembre de 2025, de https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/god-rasputina-nauchnoe-soobschestvo-k-80-letiyu-pisatelya

Gorbachevskij, Ch. A. (2015). Kolymskie legendy v dokumental’no-chudozhestvennych tekstach katorzhan [Kolyma Legends in the Documentary and Literary Texts of Convicts]. Gumanitarnye issledovanija v vostochnoj Sibiri i na Dal’nem Vostoke, 2 (32), pp. 103-111. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/kolymskie-legendy-v-dokumentalno-hudozhestvennyh-tekstah-katorzhan.pdf (last accessed December 18, 2025).

Gullotta, A. (2021). More than a cat: Reflections on Shalamov’s and Solzhenitsyn’s writings through the Perspective of Trauma Studies. In Karlsohn, I., & Heffermehl, F. (Eds.), The Gulag in Writings of Alexander Solzhenitsyn and Varlam Shalamov: Memory, History, Testimony. Brill, 70-96. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004468481_005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004468481_005

Hugo-Bader, Ja. (2014). Kolyma Diaries: A Journey into Russia’s Haunted Hinterland. (A. Lloyd-Jones, English Transl.) Granta Books. [Orig. Polish ed. Dzenniki kołymskie, published 2011].

Jarockij, A. S. (2021). Zolotaja Kolyma. Vospominanija A. S. Jarockogo o Kolyme v literaturnom kontekste (1908-1983) [Golden Kolyma: A. S. Yarocky’s Memoirs of Kolyma in a Literary Context]. Nestor ‒ Istorija.

Jureva, О. Ju. (2019). Chronotop povesti V.G. Rasputina “Proshchanie s Matyoroj”: étnopoéticheskij aspekt [The Chronotope of V. G. Rasputin’s Novella Farewell to Matyora: An Ethnopoetic Perspective]. Problemy istoricheskoj poétiki, 17(2), 289-313. https://doi.org/289-313. 10.15393/j9.2019.6682.

Kaminskij, P. P. (2012). “Vremja i bremja trevog”. Publicistika Valentina Rasputina [Time and the Burden of Anxiety”: The Journalism of Valentin Rasputin]. Flinta ‒ Nauka.

Kapterev, N. P. (1936). Vechnaja merzlota i bor’ba s nej [Permafrost and the fight against it]. Nauka i zhizn’, 11. https://www.nkj.ru/archive/articles/32028/ (last accessed September 13, 2025).

Karpenko, I. I., & Merinov, V. Ju. (2013). Tema ekologii v tvorchestve V. G. Rasputina [The Ecologic Theme in V. G. Rasputin’s work], Nauchnye Vedomosti. Serija Gumanitarnye Nauki, 27(170), Vyp. 20, 85-92.

Komleva, L. N. (2024). Obraz sibirskich rek v tvorchestve sibirskich pisatelej XX veka: velichie ili ugroza navodenii? [The Image of Siberian Rivers in the Works of Twentieth-Century Siberian Writers: Grandeur or the Threat of Flooding?]. Sociokulturnoe nasledie Sibiri: istorija i sovremennost(ss. 55-62). Izdatelskij dom BGU.

Krotova, D. V. (2016). Priroda v mirovosprjatii V. Shalamova: recepcija klassicheskich tradicij i poèticheskoe novatorstvo [Nature in V. Shalamov’s Worldview: The Reception of Classical Traditions and Poetic Innovation]. Filologicheskie nauki. Voprosy teorii i praktiki, 8(62), 21-25. Gramota. www.gramota.net/materials/2/2016/8-2/5.html (last accessed December 14, 2025).

Ivanova, V. Ja. (2020). Aksiologija vremeni v proze Valentina Rasputina [The Axiology of Time in the Prose of V. Rasputin]. Mir russkogo slova, 1, 61-66. https://doi.org/10.24411/1811-1629-2020-11059.

Ivanova, V. Ja. (2022). Motiv vozvrashcheniya rodnogo doma v proze Fedora Abramova i Valentina Rasputina [The Motif of Returning to the Native Home in the Prose of F. Abramov and V. Rasputin]. Neofilologiya / Neophilology, 3(8), 571-581. https://doi.org/10.20310/2587-6953-2022-8-3-571-581. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20310/2587-6953-2022-8-3-571-581

La Capra, D. (2000). Writing History, Writing Trauma. Johns Hopkins University Press.

Lapchenko, A. F. (1985). Chelovek i pamjat’ v povestjach V. Rasputina [Man and Memory in the Novellas of V. Rasputin]. In Id., Chelovek i zemlja v russkoj social’no-filosofskoj proze 70-ch godov (ss. 14-44). Izd. Leningradskogo Universiteta.

Larionov, D. V. (2018). Valentin Rasputin. Proshchanie s Materoj. Kommentarii [Valentin Rasputin. Farewell to Matyora. Commentary]. https://polka.academy/articles/625 (last accessed December 14, 2025).

Lejderman, N. L., & Lipoveckij, M. N. (2010). Varlam Shalamov, in Id., Russkaja literatura XX veka (1950-1990-e gody). T. 1. (ss. 316-322). Izd. centr «Akademija».

Levina, M. (1991). Apofeoz bespochvennosti. “Ontologicheskaja” proza v svete idej russkoj filosofii [The Apotheosis of Rootlessness: ‘Ontological’ Prose in the Light of Russian Philosophical Thought]. Voprosy literatury, 10, 3-29.

Luzzatto, L., & Pompas, R. (2001). Il significato dei colori nelle civiltà antiche [The Meaning of Colours in Ancient Civilizations]. Bompiani (2nd ed. 2017).

Makevnina, I. A. (2008). «Kolymskie rasskazy» V. Shalamova i poétika postimpressionizma [V. Shalamov’s Kolyma Stories and the Poetics of Post-Impressionism]. Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, Serija 8: Literaturovedenie. Zhurnalistika, 8, 147–150.

Michajlik, E. (2018). Nezakonnaja kometa. Varlam Shalamov: opyt medlennego chtenija [The Illegal Comet: Varlam Shalamov ‒ An Experiment in Slow Reading]. Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie.

Mingati, A. (Ed.). (2017). La Siberia allo specchio: storie di viaggio, rifrazioni letterarie, incontri tra civiltà e culture [Siberia in the Mirror: travel stories, literary refractions, encounters between civilizations and cultures]. Dipartimento di Lettere e Filosofia, Univ. degli Studi di Trento. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/180845 (last accessed December 14, 2025).

Мuchina, Е. А. (2012). Psichologizm Dostoevskogo v kontekste «Kolymskoj» prozy V. Shalamova [Dostoevsky’s Psychologism in the Context of V. Shalamov’s ‘Kolyma’ Prose]. Vestnik Volgogradskoj akademii MBD Rossii, 3(22), 156-161. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/psihologizm-dostoevskogo-v-kontekste-kolymskoy-prozy-varlama-shalamova (last accessed December 18, 2025).

Listvenka. Museum-Irkutsk.com. Recuperado el 16 de diciembre de 2025, de http://tree.museum-irkutsk.com/dictionary/priroda/rasteniya/listvenka

National Geographic Society. Taiga. Education Resource. Recuperado el 14 de diciembre de 2025, de https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/taiga/

Nivat, G. (1991). Valentin Rasputin. In Etkind, E., Nivat, G., Serman, I., & Strada, V. (Eds.), Storia della letteratura russa. Il Novecento [History of Russian Literature. The Twentieth Century]. Vol. 3. Dal realismo socialista ai giorni nostri [From Socialist Realism to the Present Day]. (G. Bona, Trans.) (pp. 788-789). Einaudi.

Paliaga, S. (2021). I versi di Varlam Shalamov nel gelo del gulag [V. Shalamov’s verses in the freezing cold of the GULag]. https://www.avvenire.it/agora/pagine/i-versi-di-shalamov-nel-gelo-del-gulag (last accessed December 13, 2025).

Pankin, B. (1980). Proshchanija i vstrechi s Matëroj [Farewells and Encounters with Matyora]. In Id., Strogaja literatura. Sovetskij pisatel’, 58-85.

Peterson, D. E. (1994). ‘Samovar Life’: Russian Nurture and Russian Nature in the Rural Prose of Valentin Rasputin, The Russian Review, 53(1), 81-96. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/131296

Plеchanova, I. I. (Ed.). (2012). Vremja i trvorchestvo Valentina Rasputina: Istorija, kontekst, perspektivy. Mezhdunarodnaja nauchnaja konferencija, posv. 75-letiju so dnja rozhdenija Valentina Grigor’evicha Rasputina [Time in the Work of V. Rasputin: History, Context, Perspectives. Int. Academic Conference Commemorating the 75th Anniversary of V. G. Rasputin’s Birth]. Izd.vo IGU.

Popov, S. V. (1987). Morskie imena Yakutii. Ocherki po toponimii morej Laptevych i Vostohcno-Sibirskogo [Maritime Names of Yakutia: Essays on the Toponymy of the Laptev Seas and the East Siberian Sea]. Yakutskoe knizhnoe izd.vo.

Rasputin, V. G. (1984a). Den’gi dlja Marii (1967). In Id., Izbrannye proizvedenija v dvuch tomach. T. 1 (ss. 29-126). Molodaja gvardija.

Rasputin, V. G. (1984b). Poslednij srok (1967). In Id., Izbrannye proizvedenija v dvuch tomach. T. 1 (ss. 127-288). Molodaja gvardija.

Rasputin, V. G. (2002a). Zhivi i pomni (1974). In Id., Zhivi i pomni. Povesti. Rasskazy (ss. 9-208). Èksmo.

Rasputin, V. G. (2002b). Proshchanie s Materoj (1976). In Id., Zhivi i pomni. Povesti. Rasskazy (ss. 209-394). Èksmo.

Razuvalova, A. I. (2015). Pisateli–“derevenshchiki”: literatura i konservativnaja ideologija 1970-ch godov [Village’ Writers: Literature and Conservative Ideology of the 1970s.]. Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie.

Remonato, I. (2009). The Shadow of Time in Valentin Rasputin’s Writing: some Observations on Free Indirect Discourse. In: Novye napravlenija v izuchenii leksikologii, slovoobrazavanija i grammatiki nachala XXI veka. Materialy mezhdunarodnogo simpoziuma 4-5 maja 2009 g. (ss. 219-225). Izd.vo Povol’zhskoj gos. social’no-gumanitarnoj akademii.

Remonato, I. (2010). Dallo spazio alla coscienza: il respiro del tempo nella scrittura di Valentin Rasputin [From Physical Space to Consciousness: the Breath of Time in Valentin Rasputin’s Writing]. In Immagini di tempo. Studi di Slavistica [Images of Time. Studies in Slavistics]. (P. Tosco, Ed.) (pp. 179-194). QuiEdit.

Remonato, I. (2025). From Literature to Ecocriticism: Siberian Dams and their impact on the natural and human environment, «SLAVICA» (ANNALES INSTITUTI SLAVICI UNIVERSITATIS DEBRECENIENSIS), LIV, 97-117. https://doi.org/10.31034/054.2025.07. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31034/054.2025.07

Seleznev, Ju. (1977). Zemlja ili territorija? [Land or Territory?]. Voprosy literatury, 2, 49–62.

Semyonov, Ju. (2010). Storia della Siberia [History of Siberia]. Odoya.

Senchin, R. (2015). Zona zatoplenija [Flood Zone]. AST.

Shalamov, V. T. (1998). Kolymskie rasskazy. In Id., Sobranie sochinenij v chetyrech tomach. Tt. 1 and 2. Chudozhestvennaja literatura ‒ Vagrius. (Orig. work published 1956-1978). Now also available at https://shalamov.ru/library/21/79.html. English ed. Kolyma Stories. Transl. by D. Rayfield, NYRBC (vol. 1, 2018; vol. 2, 2020)].

Shalamov, V. (2021). Quaderni della Kolyma. Poesie (1937-1956) [Kolyma Notebooks. Poems]. (G. Zappi, Ed. and Trans., with Russian text). Giometti & Antonello.

Shalamov V. (2009). Alcune mie vite. Documenti segreti e racconti inediti [Some of My Lives. Secret Documents and Unpublished Stories]. Mondadori. [Russian ed. Shalamov, V. T. (2001). Moja zhizn’ – Neskol’ko moich zhiznej. In Id., Vospominanija. (I. P. Sirotinskaja, Ed.). Astrel’–AST. https://shalamov.ru/library/27/].

Shalamov.ru. Varlam Shalamov. Recuperado el 13 de diciembre de 2025, de https://shalamov.ru

Solov’ev, S. (2022). Kolymskoe derevo nadezhdy Varlama Shalamova [The Kolymian Tree of Hope of Varlam Shalamov]. https://shalamov.ru/research/519/ (last accessed December 13, 2025).

Shalina Kustovskaja, М. А. & Demina E. G. (2018). Chudozhestvennyj “kod” F. M. Dostoevskogo v povesti V. G. Rasputina “Zhivi i pomni”. Uchenye zapiski Krymskogo fed. univ. imeni V. I. Vernadskogo. Filologicheskie nauki, 4(70) (1), 139-155.

Starikova, E. (1972). Sociologicheskij aspekt sovremennoj «derevenskoj prozy» [The Sociological Aspect of Contemporary ‘Village’ Prose]. Voprosy literatury, 7, 11-35.

Suchich, I. (2012). Russkij kanon: Knigi XX veka [The Russian Canon: Books of the Twentieth Century]. Vremja.

Tsvetova, N. S. (2015), Valentin Rasputin: ‘What is in a Word, What is Behind a Word, Journal of Siberian Federal University. Humanities & Social Sciences, 7(8), 1443-1450. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17516/1997-1370-2015-8-7-1443-1450

Università di Parma. (s.f.). Handle 1889/2894. Archivio istituzionale. Recuperado el 14 de diciembre de 2025, de https://www.repository.unipr.it/handle/1889/2894

Vagge Saccorotti, L. (2017). Leggende sugli sciamani siberiani [Legends on Siberian Shamans]. Tarka.

Varlaro, F. (2021). Obraz dereva v Kolymskich rasskazach i v ich perevodach na ital’janskij jazyk [The Image of the Tree in the Kolyma Short Stories and Their Translations into Italian]. Sibirskij filologicheskij zhurnal, 3, 317-330. https://doi.org/10.17223/18137083/76/23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17223/18137083/76/23

Varlaro, F., & Kozlov, A. E. (2022). Leksema listven’: ot fitonima k konceptu [The Lexeme Listven’: From Phytonym to Concept]. Kritika i semiotika, 1, 183–197.

Vgrasputin.ru. Valentin Rasputin. Recuperado el 14 de diciembre de 2025, de http://vgrasputin.ru/

Weinrich, H. (2006). Il tempo stringe. Arte ed economia della vita a termine [Time Is Running Out: The Art and Economics of a Finite Life]. il Mulino

Widmann, C. (2000). Il simbolismo dei colori [The Symbolism of Colours]. Edizioni Scientifiche Ma.Gi.

Yolkki.ru. Hrebet Jezop: legendy, predanija u jevenkov, skazanija gornyh vetrov. Recuperado el 16 de diciembre de 2025, de https://yolkki.ru/it/internet/hrebet-ezop-legendy-predaniya-u-evenkov-skazaniya-gornyh-vetrov-legendy/

Young, S. J. (2011). Recalling the Dead: Repetition, Identity, and the Witness in Varlam Shalamov’s Kolymskie rasskazy. Slavic Review, 70(2), 353-372. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5612/slavicreview.70.2.0353

Zappi, G. (2021). Personale e confidenziale (frammenti per una prefazione) [Personal and Confidential (Fragments for a Preface)]. In V. Shalamov, Quaderni della Kolyma. Poesie (1937-1956) [Kolyma Notebooks. Poems]. Giometti & Antonello, 9-14.

Zhelobcova, S. F., Chazankovich, Ju. G., & Zhelobcov, F. F. (2016). Jakutskaja tema v russkoj literature XX veka [The Jakutian Theme in Russian Twentieth-century literature]. Vestink SVFU, 4(54), 78-89.

Descargas

Publicado

2025-12-31

Cómo citar

Remonato, I. (2025). La representación literaria de la naturaleza y el tiempo en las obras de Varlam Shalámov y Valentín Rasputin: un análisis comparativo. Mundo Eslavo, (24), 59–81. https://doi.org/10.30827/meslav.24.31460

Número

Sección

Artículos